{"schema_version":"ocme-site-results-v1","locale":"en","page_type":"derivations","facts":{"questions":36000,"reviewed":36000,"display_candidates":0,"knowledge":302,"guides":299,"paths":59,"batches":360,"families":1441,"atlas":302,"core":80,"evidence":9,"formal_evidence":5,"formal_subjects":4,"lean_files":6,"lean_toolchain":"leanprover/lean4:v4.30.0","question_state":"candidate","english_state":"ai_candidate","question_Lean":"NOT_RUN","canonical_truth_promotion":false},"filters":{"q":"mko-event"},"kind":"guides","total":2,"pages":1,"page":1,"entries":[{"id":"derivation-mko-event-01","title":{"zh-Hant":"事件：在完整事件族與較粗事件族中判定事件","en":"Event: deciding what counts as an event under the full event family and under a coarser one"},"summary":{"zh-Hant":"擲一顆骰子一次，S={1,2,3,4,5,6}。(1) 在有限初等模型 F=𝒫(S) 中，說明 E={2,4,6} 是事件，判定觀察結果為 4 與 3 時 E 是否發生；分辨結果 4 與事件 {4}；說明空事件與必然事件。(2) 在一般模型 (S,F₀) 中，F₀={∅,O,E,S}，O={1,3,5}：證明 F₀ 是 S 上的事件族（σ-代數），並證明 {6}∉F₀，所以雖然 S 有限且 {6}⊆S，{6} 在這個模型中不是事件。","en":"Roll a die once, S={1,2,3,4,5,6}. (1) In the finite elementary model F=𝒫(S), show that E={2,4,6} is an event, and decide whether E occurs when the observed outcome is 4 and when it is 3; distinguish the outcome 4 from the event {4}; describe the empty and the sure event. (2) In the general model (S,F₀) with F₀={∅,O,E,S} and O={1,3,5}: prove that F₀ is an event family (σ-algebra) on S, and prove {6}∉F₀, so although S is finite and {6}⊆S, {6} is not an event in this model."},"mko_ids":["mko-event"]},{"id":"derivation-mko-event-independence-01","title":{"zh-Hant":"事件獨立：以交集乘積判定，並核對條件式、補集與零機率事件","en":"Event independence: deciding by the product rule, with the conditional form, complements and a zero-probability event"},"summary":{"zh-Hant":"公正骰子模型：Ω={1,2,3,4,5,6}，每個結果的質量為 1/6。設 A={2,4,6}、B={1,2,3,4}、D={1,3,5}、Z=∅。（一）以乘積定義判定 A 與 B 是否獨立，並在 P(B)>0 下核對 P(A|B)=P(A)。（二）證明 A 與 B 獨立推出 A 與 Bᶜ 獨立，並以數字核對。（三）判定互斥事件 A、D 是否獨立。（四）判定 A 與零機率事件 Z 是否獨立，並說明條件式為何不能使用。","en":"Fair-die model: Ω={1,2,3,4,5,6}, each outcome with mass 1/6. Let A={2,4,6}, B={1,2,3,4}, D={1,3,5} and Z=∅. (1) Decide by the product definition whether A and B are independent, and with P(B)>0 check P(A|B)=P(A). (2) Prove that independence of A and B implies independence of A and Bᶜ, and check it numerically. (3) Decide whether the mutually exclusive events A and D are independent. (4) Decide whether A and the zero-probability event Z are independent, and explain why the conditional form cannot be used."},"mko_ids":["mko-event-independence"]}],"title":"Concept derivation guides"}