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Question 32329: Two-Sided Limit of Affine Branches

On this page
  1. Original question and givens
  2. Definition and scope
  3. Step-by-step derivation
  4. Reverse checks
  5. Result
  6. This question review and source binding

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R0063-32329 · q-20261007-advance-20261008-r02-function-limit-0079

Original question and givens

On the punctured domain R∖{-9}, The left branch at x<-9 is (4)x+(27); the right branch at x>-9 is (-1)x+(-18). Find the finite two-sided limit, or answer does not exist when the two side limits differ.

  • G001 — On the punctured domain R∖{-9}, The left branch at x<-9 is (4)x+(27); the right branch at x>-9 is (-1)x+(-18). Find the finite two-sided limit, or answer does not exist when the two side limits differ.

Definition and scope

Use the original question domain, assumptions and cited MKO definitions. This item has second-context mathematical and bilingual review, with the model, answer and every arithmetic step independently recomputed from the original parameters; the source question remains a candidate.

Step-by-step derivation

S001 · implies

Before

source roles = [qf-function-limit-two-sided-affine, two_sided_affine_limit, punctured_reals, []]

After

derived = [[integer_approach_value_OR_source_nonexistence_STRING]]

Conditions: none

BASE sources do not acquire a generic legacy operation/domain or unknown-metadata ban.Retain metadata WITHOUT using it as an answer oracle.PULSE/legacy enforce their exact source keys,operation/domain.Do not impose universal tuples,/1 or input bounds.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: R63_SOURCE_bank_keys_operation_domain_output_roles_metadata_not_oracle · Uses: G001

S002 · calculation

Before

LEFT affine approach ORIGINAL slope times approach center := mul(4, -9)

After

LEFT affine approach ORIGINAL slope times approach center = -36

Conditions: none

Use ORIGINAL operands and order for exact integer/rational arithmetic.Raw bounds are bank-specific;derived values do not inherit SAFE or foreign small caps.No floating approximation.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S001

S003 · calculation

Before

LEFT affine approach ORIGINAL approach affine constant sum := sum(-36, 27)

After

LEFT affine approach ORIGINAL approach affine constant sum = -9

Conditions: none

Use ORIGINAL operands and order for exact integer/rational arithmetic.Raw bounds are bank-specific;derived values do not inherit SAFE or foreign small caps.No floating approximation.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S002

S004 · calculation

Before

LEFT affine approach ORIGINAL positive slope bound one plus abs m := sum(1, 4)

After

LEFT affine approach ORIGINAL positive slope bound one plus abs m = 5

Conditions: none

Use ORIGINAL operands and order for exact integer/rational arithmetic.Raw bounds are bank-specific;derived values do not inherit SAFE or foreign small caps.No floating approximation.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S003

S005 · implies

Before

source roles = [LEFT affine approach, 4, 27, -9]

After

derived = [-9, 5, error = m*(x-a), delta = epsilon/5]

Conditions: none

For the WHOLE GIVEN affine law,f(x)−L=m(x−a).For ANY ε>0 choose δ=ε/(1+|m|)>0;on the declared side/punctured domain,0<|x−a|<δ gives error<ε.At m0 the error is0.This is an APPROACH value,not assignment of original f(a)or a sample-based proof.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: Limit_AFFINE_whole_law_error_epsilon_delta_NOT_center_assignment · Uses: G001, S004

S006 · calculation

Before

RIGHT affine approach ORIGINAL slope times approach center := mul(-1, -9)

After

RIGHT affine approach ORIGINAL slope times approach center = 9

Conditions: none

Use ORIGINAL operands and order for exact integer/rational arithmetic.Raw bounds are bank-specific;derived values do not inherit SAFE or foreign small caps.No floating approximation.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S005

S007 · calculation

Before

RIGHT affine approach ORIGINAL approach affine constant sum := sum(9, -18)

After

RIGHT affine approach ORIGINAL approach affine constant sum = -9

Conditions: none

Use ORIGINAL operands and order for exact integer/rational arithmetic.Raw bounds are bank-specific;derived values do not inherit SAFE or foreign small caps.No floating approximation.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S006

S008 · calculation

Before

RIGHT affine approach ORIGINAL positive slope bound one plus abs m := sum(1, 1)

After

RIGHT affine approach ORIGINAL positive slope bound one plus abs m = 2

Conditions: none

Use ORIGINAL operands and order for exact integer/rational arithmetic.Raw bounds are bank-specific;derived values do not inherit SAFE or foreign small caps.No floating approximation.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S007

S009 · implies

Before

source roles = [RIGHT affine approach, -1, -18, -9]

After

derived = [-9, 2, error = m*(x-a), delta = epsilon/2]

Conditions: none

For the WHOLE GIVEN affine law,f(x)−L=m(x−a).For ANY ε>0 choose δ=ε/(1+|m|)>0;on the declared side/punctured domain,0<|x−a|<δ gives error<ε.At m0 the error is0.This is an APPROACH value,not assignment of original f(a)or a sample-based proof.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: Limit_AFFINE_whole_law_error_epsilon_delta_NOT_center_assignment · Uses: G001, S008

S010 · calculation

Before

Two-sided ORIGINAL positive joint slope bound := sum(1, 4)

After

Two-sided ORIGINAL positive joint slope bound = 5

Conditions: none

Use ORIGINAL operands and order for exact integer/rational arithmetic.Raw bounds are bank-specific;derived values do not inherit SAFE or foreign small caps.No floating approximation.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S009

S011 · implies

Before

source roles = [-9, 4, 27, -1, -18]

After

derived = [-9, -9, 5, delta = epsilon/5]

Conditions: none

When both approach values AGREE,δ=ε/(1+max(|lm|,|rm|))controls BOTH sides for ANY ε>0,so their common value is the two-sided limit,including both slopes0.No original f(a)is assigned.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: Limit_TWO_sides_AGREE_shared_delta_whole_punctured_law · Uses: G001, S010

Reverse checks

  • S011 · premise_and_result_audit — Reverse-check ORIGINAL inputs,types,domain and premises;the conclusion need not uniquely recover its premises.Keep source-bound candidates,independent review,formal proof and publication separate.
  • S010 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Two-sided ORIGINAL positive joint slope bound with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S009 · premise_and_result_audit — Reverse-check ORIGINAL inputs,types,domain and premises;the conclusion need not uniquely recover its premises.Keep source-bound candidates,independent review,formal proof and publication separate.
  • S008 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute RIGHT affine approach ORIGINAL positive slope bound one plus abs m with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S007 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute RIGHT affine approach ORIGINAL approach affine constant sum with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S006 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute RIGHT affine approach ORIGINAL slope times approach center with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S005 · premise_and_result_audit — Reverse-check ORIGINAL inputs,types,domain and premises;the conclusion need not uniquely recover its premises.Keep source-bound candidates,independent review,formal proof and publication separate.
  • S004 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute LEFT affine approach ORIGINAL positive slope bound one plus abs m with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S003 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute LEFT affine approach ORIGINAL approach affine constant sum with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S002 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute LEFT affine approach ORIGINAL slope times approach center with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S001 · premise_and_result_audit — Reverse-check ORIGINAL inputs,types,domain and premises;the conclusion need not uniquely recover its premises.Keep source-bound candidates,independent review,formal proof and publication separate.

Result

-9

The full substitutions and premise checks give the original answer; source identity,format and status are unchanged.

This question review and source binding

Review date: 2026-10-26

Original questions, answers, step expressions, numeric ASTs and historical records are retained. Source candidate labels remain historical and are not overwritten as formal proof.

Source hashes and review receipts
  • input commit: 0f7be61e2c22317a4075561dc822c87d881a50db
  • original question SHA-256: a4ad28115f0afda863bb6d8ae36d6f33dffc6990ddd756f2509b978391a73b73
  • candidate record SHA-256: 1be3a915742403b8cb555f90426aba305ec9ec3c2a03cf297980ccc903ee580b
  • semantic review receipt SHA-256: acf03b776f4855e3869810bcbecf1116e3a2b11dfb1e2a5dfbcf8135ad24a7d0
  • question-first witness SHA-256: eadbbac3220988b52754f32450fb536d627217306d1ce28a49134f56c21bfa88
  • Lean: NOT_RUN · human review: NOT_PERFORMED
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