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Question 8568: Point Derivative of a Degree-at-Most-Two Polynomial

On this page
  1. Original question and givens
  2. Definition and scope
  3. Step-by-step derivation
  4. Reverse checks
  5. Result
  6. This question review and source binding

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R0016-08568 · q-20261007-advance-20261008-r04-derivative-0043

Original question and givens

On all R, f(t)=(-18)t²+(5)t+(-14), allowing a2=0. Find the derivative at x=0.

  • G001 — On all R, f(t)=(-18)t²+(5)t+(-14), allowing a2=0. Find the derivative at x=0.

Definition and scope

Use the original question domain, assumptions and cited MKO definitions. This item has second-context mathematical and bilingual review, with the model, answer and every arithmetic step independently recomputed from the original parameters; the source question remains a candidate.

Step-by-step derivation

S001 · implies

Before

declared real formula on all R;derivative means the two-sided h->0 quotient limit

After

finite-step evaluation and derivative existence are separate

Conditions: none

A derivative is the two-sided limit of[f(x+h)−f(x)]/h as h→0 with h≠0.One finite evaluation is not evidence that an arbitrary function is differentiable.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: derivative_limit_definition_scope · Uses: G001

S002 · calculation

Before

at original x a*x := mul(-18, 0)

After

at original x a*x = 0

Conditions: none

Evaluate exactly with this step's source operands and operation order.Check a denominator is nonzero before division.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S001

S003 · calculation

Before

at original x a*x+b := sum(0, 5)

After

at original x a*x+b = 5

Conditions: none

Evaluate exactly with this step's source operands and operation order.Check a denominator is nonzero before division.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S002

S004 · calculation

Before

at original x (a*x+b)*x := mul(5, 0)

After

at original x (a*x+b)*x = 0

Conditions: none

Evaluate exactly with this step's source operands and operation order.Check a denominator is nonzero before division.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S003

S005 · calculation

Before

at original x f(x) := sum(0, -14)

After

at original x f(x) = -14

Conditions: none

Evaluate exactly with this step's source operands and operation order.Check a denominator is nonzero before division.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S004

S006 · implies

Before

f(t)=(-18)*t^2+(5)*t+(-14);x=0;f(x)=-14;h!=0

After

f(x+h)-f(x)=h*(2*(-18)*(0)+(5)+(-18)*h)

Conditions: none

Expand(x+h)²=x²+2xh+h²,cancel the original terms,and factor out h.The a2=0 lower-degree case is valid;no nonzero-leading-coefficient assumption is added.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: quadratic_increment_factorization · Uses: G001, S005

S007 · calculation

Before

twice quadratic coefficient := mul(2, -18)

After

twice quadratic coefficient = -36

Conditions: none

Evaluate exactly with this step's source operands and operation order.Check a denominator is nonzero before division.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S006

S008 · calculation

Before

twice a times x := mul(-36, 0)

After

twice a times x = 0

Conditions: none

Evaluate exactly with this step's source operands and operation order.Check a denominator is nonzero before division.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S007

S009 · calculation

Before

linear part of quotient := sum(0, 5)

After

linear part of quotient = 5

Conditions: none

Evaluate exactly with this step's source operands and operation order.Check a denominator is nonzero before division.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S008

S010 · implies

Before

for h!=0,quotient=5+(-18)*h

After

h->0 derivative=5

Conditions: none

After cancelling nonzero h,the quotient error is a2*h.If a2=0 the error is zero;otherwise for any ε>0 choose δ=ε/(1+|a2|).Then0<|h|<δ makes the error<ε,establishing the two-sided limit.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: quadratic_two_sided_limit · Uses: G001, S009

Reverse checks

  • S010 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S009 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute linear part of quotient with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S008 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute twice a times x with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S007 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute twice quadratic coefficient with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S006 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S005 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute at original x f(x) with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S004 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute at original x (a*x+b)*x with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S003 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute at original x a*x+b with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S002 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute at original x a*x with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S001 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.

Result

5

The full substitutions and premise checks give the original answer; source identity,format and status are unchanged.

This question review and source binding

Review date: 2026-10-26

Original questions, answers, step expressions, numeric ASTs and historical records are retained. Source candidate labels remain historical and are not overwritten as formal proof.

Source hashes and review receipts
  • input commit: 0f7be61e2c22317a4075561dc822c87d881a50db
  • original question SHA-256: 2ae453af02aa2237d8f780def742fa3a3a786381e0ba7adc09a5a92a3d671655
  • candidate record SHA-256: 13b705b7be9fcbc35d7529eb04218859357e5c5db1e616e7f63ae74400b7c294
  • semantic review receipt SHA-256: 00fcddb10a9fb0f56697308976a52e68e2537472bd8e68ecbe96d3c4553f4ad2
  • question-first witness SHA-256: 198e04380b2d32aef2375b07ca0df1f8afa454d1184993173fad8a3c9187a3d1
  • Lean: NOT_RUN · human review: NOT_PERFORMED
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