Question 10160: Derivative of an Oriented Integral with Moving Bounds

Original question and givens

On all R, continuous f has ascending coefficients [-3, 10, -1, 2], constant term first. Let lower l(x)=(-1)x+(-1) and upper u(x)=(0)x+(-3). Find the derivative of ∫_l(x)^u(x) f(t)dt at x=-1. Use reduced positive-denominator fractions, retaining /1 for integers.

• G001 — On all R, continuous f has ascending coefficients [-3, 10, -1, 2], constant term first. Let lower l(x)=(-1)x+(-1) and upper u(x)=(0)x+(-3). Find the derivative of ∫_l(x)^u(x) f(t)dt at x=-1. Use reduced positive-denominator fractions, retaining /1 for integers.

Definition and scope

Use the original question domain, assumptions and cited MKO definitions. This item has second-context mathematical and bilingual review, with the model, answer and every arithmetic step independently recomputed from the original parameters; the source question remains a candidate.

• mko-fundamental-theorem-calculus

Step-by-step derivation

raw integrand f=[-3, 10, -1, 2];ascending powers on all R

normalized coefficients=[-3/1, 10/1, -1/1, 2/1];declared continuous real polynomial

zero primitive coefficient1 := div(-3, 1)

zero primitive coefficient1 = -3

integrand power=0;coefficient=-3/1

primitive power=1;coefficient=-3/1

zero primitive coefficient2 := div(10, 2)

zero primitive coefficient2 = 5

integrand power=1;coefficient=10/1

primitive power=2;coefficient=5/1

zero primitive coefficient3 := div(-1, 3)

zero primitive coefficient3 = -1/3

integrand power=2;coefficient=-1/1

primitive power=3;coefficient=-1/3

zero primitive coefficient4 := div(2, 4)

zero primitive coefficient4 = 1/2

integrand power=3;coefficient=2/1

primitive power=4;coefficient=1/2

original integrand coefficients=[-3/1, 10/1, -1/1, 2/1]

zero-constant primitive coefficients=[0/1, -3/1, 5/1, -1/3, 1/2]

constructed P0 derivative coefficient0 := mul(1, -3)

constructed P0 derivative coefficient0 = -3

constructed P0:source power=1;coefficient=-3/1

derivative power=0;coefficient=-3/1

constructed P0 derivative coefficient1 := mul(2, 5)

constructed P0 derivative coefficient1 = 10

constructed P0:source power=2;coefficient=5/1

derivative power=1;coefficient=10/1

constructed P0 derivative coefficient2 := mul(3, -1/3)

constructed P0 derivative coefficient2 = -1

constructed P0:source power=3;coefficient=-1/3

derivative power=2;coefficient=-1/1

constructed P0 derivative coefficient3 := mul(4, 1/2)

constructed P0 derivative coefficient3 = 2

constructed P0:source power=4;coefficient=1/2

derivative power=3;coefficient=2/1

P0 derivative coefficients=[-3/1, 10/1, -1/1, 2/1];f=[-3/1, 10/1, -1/1, 2/1]

P0'=f on all R in this declared polynomial model

lower bound m*x := mul(-1, -1)

lower bound m*x = 1

lower bound m*x+b := sum(1, -1)

lower bound m*x+b = 0

upper bound m*x := mul(0, -1)

upper bound m*x = 0

upper bound m*x+b := sum(0, -3)

upper bound m*x+b = -3

H(x)=P0(u(x))-P0(l(x));P0'=f;lower slope=-1;upper slope=0

H'(x)=f(u(x))*upper_slope-f(l(x))*lower_slope

f at upper Horner multiply3 := mul(0, -3)

f at upper Horner multiply3 = 0

f at upper Horner add3 := sum(0, 2)

f at upper Horner add3 = 2

f at upper Horner multiply2 := mul(2, -3)

f at upper Horner multiply2 = -6

f at upper Horner add2 := sum(-6, -1)

f at upper Horner add2 = -7

f at upper Horner multiply1 := mul(-7, -3)

f at upper Horner multiply1 = 21

f at upper Horner add1 := sum(21, 10)

f at upper Horner add1 = 31

f at upper Horner multiply0 := mul(31, -3)

f at upper Horner multiply0 = -93

f at upper Horner add0 := sum(-93, -3)

f at upper Horner add0 = -96

f at lower Horner multiply3 := mul(0, 0)

f at lower Horner multiply3 = 0

f at lower Horner add3 := sum(0, 2)

f at lower Horner add3 = 2

f at lower Horner multiply2 := mul(2, 0)

f at lower Horner multiply2 = 0

f at lower Horner add2 := sum(0, -1)

f at lower Horner add2 = -1

f at lower Horner multiply1 := mul(-1, 0)

f at lower Horner multiply1 = 0

f at lower Horner add1 := sum(0, 10)

f at lower Horner add1 = 10

f at lower Horner multiply0 := mul(10, 0)

f at lower Horner multiply0 = 0

f at lower Horner add0 := sum(0, -3)

f at lower Horner add0 = -3

upper chain contribution := mul(-96, 0)

upper chain contribution = 0

lower chain contribution := mul(-3, -1)

lower chain contribution = 3

moving bound derivative upper-minus-lower := sub(0, 3)

moving bound derivative upper-minus-lower = -3

point=-1;lower=0;upper=-3;f(upper)=-96;f(lower)=-3

upper contribution=0;lower contribution=3;derivative=-3/1

Reverse checks

• S044 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
• S043 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute moving bound derivative upper-minus-lower with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S042 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute lower chain contribution with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S041 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute upper chain contribution with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S040 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute f at lower Horner add0 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S039 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute f at lower Horner multiply0 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S038 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute f at lower Horner add1 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S037 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute f at lower Horner multiply1 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S036 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute f at lower Horner add2 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S035 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute f at lower Horner multiply2 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S034 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute f at lower Horner add3 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S033 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute f at lower Horner multiply3 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S032 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute f at upper Horner add0 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S031 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute f at upper Horner multiply0 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S030 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute f at upper Horner add1 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S029 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute f at upper Horner multiply1 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S028 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute f at upper Horner add2 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S027 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute f at upper Horner multiply2 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S026 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute f at upper Horner add3 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S025 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute f at upper Horner multiply3 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S024 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
• S023 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute upper bound m*x+b with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S022 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute upper bound m*x with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S021 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute lower bound m*x+b with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S020 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute lower bound m*x with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S019 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
• S018 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
• S017 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute constructed P0 derivative coefficient3 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S016 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
• S015 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute constructed P0 derivative coefficient2 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S014 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
• S013 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute constructed P0 derivative coefficient1 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S012 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
• S011 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute constructed P0 derivative coefficient0 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S010 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
• S009 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
• S008 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute zero primitive coefficient4 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S007 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
• S006 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute zero primitive coefficient3 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S005 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
• S004 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute zero primitive coefficient2 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S003 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
• S002 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute zero primitive coefficient1 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
• S001 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.

Result

-3/1

The full substitutions and premise checks give the original answer; source identity,format and status are unchanged.

This question review and source binding

Review date: 2026-10-26

Original questions, answers, step expressions, numeric ASTs and historical records are retained. Source candidate labels remain historical and are not overwritten as formal proof.