Step-by-step derivation
S001 · implies
Before
explicit real polynomial moment or constant integrand model
After
oriented I(a,b)=H(b)−H(a);do not sort endpoints
Conditions: none
Real polynomials are continuous and integrable;use termwise primitive endpoint differences for exact oriented integrals,not absolute area or a finite sum.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: polynomial_moment_scope · Uses: G001
S002 · calculation
Before
interval width := sub(1, -2)
After
interval width = 3
Conditions: none
Compute the nonnegative interval width,allowing zero width.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S001
S003 · calculation
Before
partition step := div(3, 9)
After
partition step = 1/3
Conditions: none
Divide by positive integer N to get the exact step.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S002
S004 · calculation
Before
left sample0 offset := mul(0, 1/3)
After
left sample0 offset = 0
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S003
S005 · calculation
Before
left sample0 x := sum(-2, 0)
After
left sample0 x = -2
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S004
S006 · calculation
Before
left sample0 mx := mul(9, -2)
After
left sample0 mx = -18
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S005
S007 · calculation
Before
left sample0 value := sum(-18, -4)
After
left sample0 value = -22
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S006
S008 · calculation
Before
left sample0 rectangle := mul(-22, 1/3)
After
left sample0 rectangle = -22/3
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S007
S009 · implies
Before
[-2, -22, -22/3]
After
finite left-sum term index=0
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S008
S010 · calculation
Before
left sample1 offset := mul(1, 1/3)
After
left sample1 offset = 1/3
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S009
S011 · calculation
Before
left sample1 x := sum(-2, 1/3)
After
left sample1 x = -5/3
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S010
S012 · calculation
Before
left sample1 mx := mul(9, -5/3)
After
left sample1 mx = -15
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S011
S013 · calculation
Before
left sample1 value := sum(-15, -4)
After
left sample1 value = -19
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S012
S014 · calculation
Before
left sample1 rectangle := mul(-19, 1/3)
After
left sample1 rectangle = -19/3
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S013
S015 · implies
Before
[-5/3, -19, -19/3]
After
finite left-sum term index=1
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S014
S016 · calculation
Before
left sample2 offset := mul(2, 1/3)
After
left sample2 offset = 2/3
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S015
S017 · calculation
Before
left sample2 x := sum(-2, 2/3)
After
left sample2 x = -4/3
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S016
S018 · calculation
Before
left sample2 mx := mul(9, -4/3)
After
left sample2 mx = -12
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S017
S019 · calculation
Before
left sample2 value := sum(-12, -4)
After
left sample2 value = -16
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S018
S020 · calculation
Before
left sample2 rectangle := mul(-16, 1/3)
After
left sample2 rectangle = -16/3
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S019
S021 · implies
Before
[-4/3, -16, -16/3]
After
finite left-sum term index=2
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S020
S022 · calculation
Before
left sample3 offset := mul(3, 1/3)
After
left sample3 offset = 1
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S021
S023 · calculation
Before
left sample3 x := sum(-2, 1)
After
left sample3 x = -1
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S022
S024 · calculation
Before
left sample3 mx := mul(9, -1)
After
left sample3 mx = -9
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S023
S025 · calculation
Before
left sample3 value := sum(-9, -4)
After
left sample3 value = -13
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S024
S026 · calculation
Before
left sample3 rectangle := mul(-13, 1/3)
After
left sample3 rectangle = -13/3
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S025
S027 · implies
Before
[-1, -13, -13/3]
After
finite left-sum term index=3
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S026
S028 · calculation
Before
left sample4 offset := mul(4, 1/3)
After
left sample4 offset = 4/3
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S027
S029 · calculation
Before
left sample4 x := sum(-2, 4/3)
After
left sample4 x = -2/3
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S028
S030 · calculation
Before
left sample4 mx := mul(9, -2/3)
After
left sample4 mx = -6
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S029
S031 · calculation
Before
left sample4 value := sum(-6, -4)
After
left sample4 value = -10
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S030
S032 · calculation
Before
left sample4 rectangle := mul(-10, 1/3)
After
left sample4 rectangle = -10/3
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S031
S033 · implies
Before
[-2/3, -10, -10/3]
After
finite left-sum term index=4
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S032
S034 · calculation
Before
left sample5 offset := mul(5, 1/3)
After
left sample5 offset = 5/3
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S033
S035 · calculation
Before
left sample5 x := sum(-2, 5/3)
After
left sample5 x = -1/3
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S034
S036 · calculation
Before
left sample5 mx := mul(9, -1/3)
After
left sample5 mx = -3
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S035
S037 · calculation
Before
left sample5 value := sum(-3, -4)
After
left sample5 value = -7
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S036
S038 · calculation
Before
left sample5 rectangle := mul(-7, 1/3)
After
left sample5 rectangle = -7/3
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S037
S039 · implies
Before
[-1/3, -7, -7/3]
After
finite left-sum term index=5
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S038
S040 · calculation
Before
left sample6 offset := mul(6, 1/3)
After
left sample6 offset = 2
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S039
S041 · calculation
Before
left sample6 x := sum(-2, 2)
After
left sample6 x = 0
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S040
S042 · calculation
Before
left sample6 mx := mul(9, 0)
After
left sample6 mx = 0
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S041
S043 · calculation
Before
left sample6 value := sum(0, -4)
After
left sample6 value = -4
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S042
S044 · calculation
Before
left sample6 rectangle := mul(-4, 1/3)
After
left sample6 rectangle = -4/3
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S043
S045 · implies
Before
[0, -4, -4/3]
After
finite left-sum term index=6
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S044
S046 · calculation
Before
left sample7 offset := mul(7, 1/3)
After
left sample7 offset = 7/3
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S045
S047 · calculation
Before
left sample7 x := sum(-2, 7/3)
After
left sample7 x = 1/3
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S046
S048 · calculation
Before
left sample7 mx := mul(9, 1/3)
After
left sample7 mx = 3
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S047
S049 · calculation
Before
left sample7 value := sum(3, -4)
After
left sample7 value = -1
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S048
S050 · calculation
Before
left sample7 rectangle := mul(-1, 1/3)
After
left sample7 rectangle = -1/3
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S049
S051 · implies
Before
[1/3, -1, -1/3]
After
finite left-sum term index=7
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S050
S052 · calculation
Before
left sample8 offset := mul(8, 1/3)
After
left sample8 offset = 8/3
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S051
S053 · calculation
Before
left sample8 x := sum(-2, 8/3)
After
left sample8 x = 2/3
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S052
S054 · calculation
Before
left sample8 mx := mul(9, 2/3)
After
left sample8 mx = 6
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S053
S055 · calculation
Before
left sample8 value := sum(6, -4)
After
left sample8 value = 2
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S054
S056 · calculation
Before
left sample8 rectangle := mul(2, 1/3)
After
left sample8 rectangle = 2/3
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S055
S057 · implies
Before
[2/3, 2, 2/3]
After
finite left-sum term index=8
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S056
S058 · calculation
Before
finite left sum := sum(-22/3, -19/3, -16/3, -13/3, -10/3, -7/3, -4/3, -1/3, 2/3)
After
finite left sum = -30
Conditions: none
Add all N contributions.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S057
S059 · calculation
Before
affine integral primitive coefficient1 := div(-4, 1)
After
affine integral primitive coefficient1 = -4
Conditions: none
The primitive coefficient for c·x^k is c/(k+1),with positive nonzero k+1.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S058
S060 · calculation
Before
affine integral primitive coefficient2 := div(9, 2)
After
affine integral primitive coefficient2 = 9/2
Conditions: none
The primitive coefficient for c·x^k is c/(k+1),with positive nonzero k+1.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S059
S061 · implies
Before
[0, -4, 9/2]
After
H′=the supplied polynomial;integrate from -2 to 1
Conditions: none
Termwise differentiation recovers the original coefficients;the integration constant cancels in the endpoint difference.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: polynomial_primitive_identity · Uses: G001, S060
S062 · implies
Before
affine integral H(b) ascending coefficients=[0, -4, 9/2]
After
evaluate at x=1
Conditions: none
Evaluate ascending coefficients by Horner from the highest nonzero term down;ignoring redundant top zero terms changes neither the function nor the retained original list.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: polynomial_evaluation_order · Uses: G001, S061
S063 · calculation
Before
affine integral H(b) Horner multiply before degree1 := mul(9/2, 1)
After
affine integral H(b) Horner multiply before degree1 = 9/2
Conditions: none
Multiply by the same evaluation point first.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S062
S064 · calculation
Before
affine integral H(b) Horner add degree1 := sum(9/2, -4)
After
affine integral H(b) Horner add degree1 = 1/2
Conditions: none
Then add the full coefficient at this position.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S063
S065 · calculation
Before
affine integral H(b) Horner multiply before degree0 := mul(1/2, 1)
After
affine integral H(b) Horner multiply before degree0 = 1/2
Conditions: none
Multiply by the same evaluation point first.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S064
S066 · calculation
Before
affine integral H(b) Horner add degree0 := sum(1/2, 0)
After
affine integral H(b) Horner add degree0 = 1/2
Conditions: none
Then add the full coefficient at this position.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S065
S067 · implies
Before
affine integral H(a) ascending coefficients=[0, -4, 9/2]
After
evaluate at x=-2
Conditions: none
Evaluate ascending coefficients by Horner from the highest nonzero term down;ignoring redundant top zero terms changes neither the function nor the retained original list.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: polynomial_evaluation_order · Uses: G001, S066
S068 · calculation
Before
affine integral H(a) Horner multiply before degree1 := mul(9/2, -2)
After
affine integral H(a) Horner multiply before degree1 = -9
Conditions: none
Multiply by the same evaluation point first.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S067
S069 · calculation
Before
affine integral H(a) Horner add degree1 := sum(-9, -4)
After
affine integral H(a) Horner add degree1 = -13
Conditions: none
Then add the full coefficient at this position.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S068
S070 · calculation
Before
affine integral H(a) Horner multiply before degree0 := mul(-13, -2)
After
affine integral H(a) Horner multiply before degree0 = 26
Conditions: none
Multiply by the same evaluation point first.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S069
S071 · calculation
Before
affine integral H(a) Horner add degree0 := sum(26, 0)
After
affine integral H(a) Horner add degree0 = 26
Conditions: none
Then add the full coefficient at this position.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S070
S072 · calculation
Before
affine integral oriented moment := sub(1/2, 26)
After
affine integral oriented moment = -51/2
Conditions: none
Subtract the starting primitive value from the ending value;reversing endpoints naturally reverses the sign.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S071
S073 · calculation
Before
integral minus left sum := sub(-51/2, -30)
After
integral minus left sum = 9/2
Conditions: none
The requested direction is I−S_N;a negative slope may give a negative difference,not absolute error.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S072
S074 · implies
Before
I=-51/2;S_N=-30;N=9
After
signed finite-sum difference=9/2
Conditions: none
This is the exact difference for finite N,not evidence of a general convergence rate or integrability of arbitrary functions.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: finite_sum_vs_integral · Uses: G001, S073