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Question 3703: Descending Characteristic Coefficients of a Real 2×2 Matrix

On this page
  1. Original question and givens
  2. Definition and scope
  3. Step-by-step derivation
  4. Reverse checks
  5. Result
  6. This question review and source binding

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← Question derivation index · Original question batch

R0006-03703 · q-20261007-advance-20261009-r07-eigenvalue-0003

Original question and givens

Over R, M=[[-10, 3], [1, 3]] is 2×2. Give its characteristic polynomial coefficients in descending order (λ²,λ,constant).

  • G001 — Over R, M=[[-10, 3], [1, 3]] is 2×2. Give its characteristic polynomial coefficients in descending order (λ²,λ,constant).

Definition and scope

Use the original question domain, assumptions and cited MKO definitions. This item has second-context mathematical and bilingual review, with the model, answer and every arithmetic step independently recomputed from the original parameters; the source question remains a candidate.

Step-by-step derivation

S001 · implies

Before

[[-10, 3], [1, 3]]

After

exact real2×2 matrix;no spectrum or diagonalization inferred

Conditions: none

Use the declared real2×2 matrix;coefficients,a discriminant or one candidate residual does not automatically establish the entire spectrum or diagonalizability.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: two_by_two_matrix_scope · Uses: G001

S002 · calculation

Before

trace := sum(-10, 3)

After

trace = -7

Conditions: none

The trace is the sum of diagonal entries.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S001

S003 · calculation

Before

diagonal product := mul(-10, 3)

After

diagonal product = -30

Conditions: none

Compute the determinant term a·d.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S002

S004 · calculation

Before

off-diagonal product := mul(3, 1)

After

off-diagonal product = 3

Conditions: none

Compute b·c,which must be subtracted rather than added.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S003

S005 · calculation

Before

determinant := sub(-30, 3)

After

determinant = -33

Conditions: none

Compute ad−bc exactly.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S004

S006 · calculation

Before

negative trace := mul(-1, -7)

After

negative trace = 7

Conditions: none

The linear coefficient of det(tI−M) is−trace,including its sign.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S005

S007 · implies

Before

det(tI−M)=(t−-10)(t−3)−(3)(1)

After

t²+(7)t+(-33)

Conditions: none

Expand the2×2 determinant to get descending coefficients(1,−trace,det).Keep this order and the negative trace;the coefficients alone do not establish diagonalizability.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: characteristic_polynomial_expansion · Uses: G001, S006

Reverse checks

  • S007 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S006 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute negative trace with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S005 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute determinant with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S004 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute off-diagonal product with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S003 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute diagonal product with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S002 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute trace with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S001 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.

Result

(1, 7, -33)

The full substitutions and premise checks give the original answer; source identity,format and status are unchanged.

This question review and source binding

Review date: 2026-10-26

Original questions, answers, step expressions, numeric ASTs and historical records are retained. Source candidate labels remain historical and are not overwritten as formal proof.

Source hashes and review receipts
  • input commit: 0f7be61e2c22317a4075561dc822c87d881a50db
  • original question SHA-256: 6b13c57ef3c987c12dbeca78c5ee40c059818b867a981b07cc4b3a13e089e102
  • candidate record SHA-256: b54eeb7775b6947dde4df3f65254c7e803aa439626533e85874c7d9fd3a99d83
  • semantic review receipt SHA-256: 568eefd71709ac3dc16a0d5b3b4ad3e83376a8ef300c9e5493eee0721500b29d
  • question-first witness SHA-256: d964b91bedb9d4918bbc055f567762a09f5a58af6c876268e719d5100332d855
  • Lean: NOT_RUN · human review: NOT_PERFORMED
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