# Question 20986: Two-Set Inclusion-Exclusion Keeps Both Sizes and Their Intersection

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This teaching derivation has second-context AI mathematical and bilingual semantic review, limited to the model and assumptions stated in this question. It has no human review or new Lean proof and does not promote the original question or MKO to Canonical truth.

R0040-20986 · q-20261014-advance-20261108-r05-inclusion-exclusion-principle-0011



## Original question and givens

Use the complete indexed finite integer-set family sets=[[10, 11, 12], [10, 12, 13]] in supplied index order. Each set has distinct elements; equal sets at different indices remain separate indexed entries. Every nonempty index subset contributes its intersection cardinality, with positive odd-order and negative even-order sign. Keep zero-size intersections and source increasing-bitmask term order. Give (set_sizes, intersection_size, union_size, alternating_sum, equal).


- G001 — Use the complete indexed finite integer-set family sets=[[10, 11, 12], [10, 12, 13]] in supplied index order. Each set has distinct elements; equal sets at different indices remain separate indexed entries. Every nonempty index subset contributes its intersection cardinality, with positive odd-order and negative even-order sign. Keep zero-size intersections and source increasing-bitmask term order. Give (set_sizes, intersection_size, union_size, alternating_sum, equal).





## Definition and scope

Use the original question domain, assumptions and cited MKO definitions. This item has second-context mathematical and bilingual review, with the model, answer and every arithmetic step independently recomputed from the original parameters; the source question remains a candidate.


- [mko-inclusion-exclusion-principle](https://ocme.evemisslab.com/en/mko/mko-inclusion-exclusion-principle/)





## Step-by-step derivation

S001 · impliesBefore

source operation=incexc-two-set-formula;original snapshot and mathematics retained

After

explicit ordered source output fields=[set_sizes, intersection_size, union_size, alternating_sum, equal]

Conditions: none

Keep the historical interface marker in the original snapshot while listing source fields here without JavaScript or external lookup.Labels are not mathematical evidence,and No retains its source claim scope.

Step identifiers and dependenciesRule: source_ordered_interface_explicit_without_javascript · Uses: G001





S002 · impliesBefore

ORIGINAL indexed finite set family in SUPPLIED outer index order=[[10, 11, 12], [10, 12, 13]]

After

within-set numeric normalization=[[10, 11, 12], [10, 12, 13]];duplicates INSIDE a set rejected;EQUAL sets at DIFFERENT indices RETAINED;integer labels may be negative

Conditions: none

Normalize elements within each set only.Outer family positions are inclusion-exclusion indices and must not be semantically reordered or deduplicated.Empty sets are legitimate indexed members,and element labels are not cardinalities.

Step identifiers and dependenciesRule: incexc_indexed_family_not_deduplicated_or_semantic_reordered · Uses: G001, S001





S003 · calculationBefore

inclusion mask1 signed intersection cardinality := mul(1, 3)

After

inclusion mask1 signed intersection cardinality = 3

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,retaining indices,set positions,orientation,signs and applicability conditions.

Step identifiers and dependenciesRule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S002





S004 · calculationBefore

inclusion mask1 alternating prefix sum := sum(0, 3)

After

inclusion mask1 alternating prefix sum = 3

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,retaining indices,set positions,orientation,signs and applicability conditions.

Step identifiers and dependenciesRule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S003





S005 · impliesBefore

next NONEMPTY NUMERIC bitmask=1;ORIGINAL family indices=[0];actual selected original sets=[[10, 11, 12]]

After

FULL intersection members=[10, 11, 12];size=3;ODD order sign=1;alternating prefix=3;zero-size terms retained

Conditions: none

Every nonempty index subset appears once in numeric-mask order,not cardinality or lexicographic order.Odd intersections add and even ones subtract.Retain zero-size intersections;an intermediate alternating sum is not yet asserted to be a cardinality.

Step identifiers and dependenciesRule: incexc_every_index_submask_intersection_parity_source_order · Uses: G001, S004





S006 · calculationBefore

inclusion mask2 signed intersection cardinality := mul(1, 3)

After

inclusion mask2 signed intersection cardinality = 3

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,retaining indices,set positions,orientation,signs and applicability conditions.

Step identifiers and dependenciesRule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S005





S007 · calculationBefore

inclusion mask2 alternating prefix sum := sum(3, 3)

After

inclusion mask2 alternating prefix sum = 6

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,retaining indices,set positions,orientation,signs and applicability conditions.

Step identifiers and dependenciesRule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S006





S008 · impliesBefore

next NONEMPTY NUMERIC bitmask=2;ORIGINAL family indices=[1];actual selected original sets=[[10, 12, 13]]

After

FULL intersection members=[10, 12, 13];size=3;ODD order sign=1;alternating prefix=6;zero-size terms retained

Conditions: none

Every nonempty index subset appears once in numeric-mask order,not cardinality or lexicographic order.Odd intersections add and even ones subtract.Retain zero-size intersections;an intermediate alternating sum is not yet asserted to be a cardinality.

Step identifiers and dependenciesRule: incexc_every_index_submask_intersection_parity_source_order · Uses: G001, S007





S009 · calculationBefore

inclusion mask3 signed intersection cardinality := mul(-1, 2)

After

inclusion mask3 signed intersection cardinality = -2

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,retaining indices,set positions,orientation,signs and applicability conditions.

Step identifiers and dependenciesRule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S008





S010 · calculationBefore

inclusion mask3 alternating prefix sum := sum(6, -2)

After

inclusion mask3 alternating prefix sum = 4

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,retaining indices,set positions,orientation,signs and applicability conditions.

Step identifiers and dependenciesRule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S009





S011 · impliesBefore

next NONEMPTY NUMERIC bitmask=3;ORIGINAL family indices=[0, 1];actual selected original sets=[[10, 11, 12], [10, 12, 13]]

After

FULL intersection members=[10, 12];size=2;EVEN order sign=-1;alternating prefix=4;zero-size terms retained

Conditions: none

Every nonempty index subset appears once in numeric-mask order,not cardinality or lexicographic order.Odd intersections add and even ones subtract.Retain zero-size intersections;an intermediate alternating sum is not yet asserted to be a cardinality.

Step identifiers and dependenciesRule: incexc_every_index_submask_intersection_parity_source_order · Uses: G001, S010





S012 · calculationBefore

inclusion COMPLETE actual union cardinality := sum(1, 1, 1, 1)

After

inclusion COMPLETE actual union cardinality = 4

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,retaining indices,set positions,orientation,signs and applicability conditions.

Step identifiers and dependenciesRule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S011





S013 · impliesBefore

ACTUAL union element=10;ALL containing ORIGINAL family indices=[0, 1];indexed multiplicity r=2

After

only nonempty subsets of these containing indices contribute to this element;pair subsets not containing the first such index with subsets adding it:opposite signs cancel except its positive singleton;total coefficient1

Conditions: none

Fix one containing index.Pair each nonempty subset omitting it with the subset adding it;their signs cancel.The missing empty subset leaves its positive singleton unpaired,giving coefficient1.Equal sets at different indices increase r and must not be deduplicated.

Step identifiers and dependenciesRule: incexc_each_element_full_coefficient_not_one_sum_coincidence · Uses: G001, S012





S014 · impliesBefore

ACTUAL union element=11;ALL containing ORIGINAL family indices=[0];indexed multiplicity r=1

After

only nonempty subsets of these containing indices contribute to this element;pair subsets not containing the first such index with subsets adding it:opposite signs cancel except its positive singleton;total coefficient1

Conditions: none

Fix one containing index.Pair each nonempty subset omitting it with the subset adding it;their signs cancel.The missing empty subset leaves its positive singleton unpaired,giving coefficient1.Equal sets at different indices increase r and must not be deduplicated.

Step identifiers and dependenciesRule: incexc_each_element_full_coefficient_not_one_sum_coincidence · Uses: G001, S013





S015 · impliesBefore

ACTUAL union element=12;ALL containing ORIGINAL family indices=[0, 1];indexed multiplicity r=2

After

only nonempty subsets of these containing indices contribute to this element;pair subsets not containing the first such index with subsets adding it:opposite signs cancel except its positive singleton;total coefficient1

Conditions: none

Fix one containing index.Pair each nonempty subset omitting it with the subset adding it;their signs cancel.The missing empty subset leaves its positive singleton unpaired,giving coefficient1.Equal sets at different indices increase r and must not be deduplicated.

Step identifiers and dependenciesRule: incexc_each_element_full_coefficient_not_one_sum_coincidence · Uses: G001, S014





S016 · impliesBefore

ACTUAL union element=13;ALL containing ORIGINAL family indices=[1];indexed multiplicity r=1

After

only nonempty subsets of these containing indices contribute to this element;pair subsets not containing the first such index with subsets adding it:opposite signs cancel except its positive singleton;total coefficient1

Conditions: none

Fix one containing index.Pair each nonempty subset omitting it with the subset adding it;their signs cancel.The missing empty subset leaves its positive singleton unpaired,giving coefficient1.Equal sets at different indices increase r and must not be deduplicated.

Step identifiers and dependenciesRule: incexc_each_element_full_coefficient_not_one_sum_coincidence · Uses: G001, S015





S017 · impliesBefore

COMPLETE indexed family size=2;ALL3 nonempty index subsets accounted for;ACTUAL union=[10, 11, 12, 13]

After

each covered element has coefficient1 and any uncovered element coefficient0;FULL alternating sum=4=actual union size=4;empty family yields empty union/no terms/0

Conditions: none

Sum the pointwise coefficient certificates to get the entire finite union size,rather than inferring a theorem from one numerical coincidence.Uncovered points have no containing indices and contribute0;the empty family gives0 directly.

Step identifiers and dependenciesRule: incexc_full_pointwise_identity_all_finite_indexed_sets · Uses: G001, S016









## Reverse checks


- S017 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
- S016 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
- S015 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
- S014 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
- S013 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
- S012 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute inclusion COMPLETE actual union cardinality with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
- S011 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
- S010 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute inclusion mask3 alternating prefix sum with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
- S009 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute inclusion mask3 signed intersection cardinality with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
- S008 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
- S007 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute inclusion mask2 alternating prefix sum with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
- S006 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute inclusion mask2 signed intersection cardinality with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
- S005 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
- S004 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute inclusion mask1 alternating prefix sum with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
- S003 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute inclusion mask1 signed intersection cardinality with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
- S002 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
- S001 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.





## Result

([3, 3], 2, 4, 4, Yes)

The full substitutions and premise checks give the original answer; source identity,format and status are unchanged.





## This question review and source binding

Review date: 2026-10-26

Original questions, answers, step expressions, numeric ASTs and historical records are retained. Source candidate labels remain historical and are not overwritten as formal proof.

Source hashes and review receipts
- input commit: 0f7be61e2c22317a4075561dc822c87d881a50db
- original question SHA-256: e0d75f3ec0d89938b93ff6c1620d5101848f6644bb320263fffdb3c1041d6ca2
- candidate record SHA-256: cbdc7705c527db158a56838eb5d72c91767dd7e54fb6e8a830a3057bd983913c
- semantic review receipt SHA-256: c6483ed1229af9183fe5c704a2627b1558ad9a31bfbb0d2ee2d5c1a1c299ab4d
- question-first witness SHA-256: e81f9a560d630fcb23441146f008c4feca7aceab3ebe4de2cf1997c061375ef7
- Lean: NOT_RUN · human review: NOT_PERFORMED

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