Explore related knowledge and questions →

Question 23751: A Complete Root Table Distinguishes Symbol Plus One from Minus One

On this page
  1. Original question and givens
  2. Definition and scope
  3. Step-by-step derivation
  4. Reverse checks
  5. Result
  6. This question review and source binding

Return to catalogue page 119

← Question derivation index · Original question batch

R0046-23751 · q-20261014-advance-20261112-r06-legendre-symbol-0026

Original question and givens

Use odd prime p=3, original a=1. Give (prime, a, normalized_class, nonzero_roots, Legendre_symbol, certificate).

  • G001 — Use odd prime p=3, original a=1. Give (prime, a, normalized_class, nonzero_roots, Legendre_symbol, certificate).

Definition and scope

Use the original question domain, assumptions and cited MKO definitions. This item has second-context mathematical and bilingual review, with the model, answer and every arithmetic step independently recomputed from the original parameters; the source question remains a candidate.

Step-by-step derivation

S001 · implies

Before

source operation=legendre-residue-nonresidue-witness;original snapshot and mathematics retained

After

explicit ordered source output fields=[prime, a, normalized_class, nonzero_roots, Legendre_symbol, certificate]

Conditions: none

Keep the source snapshot while listing ordered fields without JavaScript.Radius uses its original mode to select6 or11 fields without padding;distinguish nonclaims from actual negations.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: source_ordered_interface_explicit_without_javascript · Uses: G001

S002 · implies

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL odd prime:ORIGINAL modulus=3;ALL possible trial divisors through square root=[]

After

ALL [divisor,remainder] rows=[];prime=Yes

Conditions: none

Qualify primality over the full trial range,not by guessing from Legendre/Euler classification.This is a modulus premise,not the square status of a.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_complete_prime_trial_not_Euler_classification · Uses: G001, S001

S003 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root1 exact square := mul(1, 1)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root1 exact square = 1

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S002

S004 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL root x=1 in1..2;exact square=1

After

square=0*3+1;canonical square class=1;ALL root indices retained

Conditions: none

Include every nonzero root.A few squares do not prove another class rootless;no Euler criterion is pre-used.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ALL_nonzero_square_rows_before_symbol_definition · Uses: G001, S003

S005 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root2 exact square := mul(2, 2)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root2 exact square = 4

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S004

S006 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL root x=2 in1..2;exact square=4

After

square=1*3+1;canonical square class=1;ALL root indices retained

Conditions: none

Include every nonzero root.A few squares do not prove another class rootless;no Euler criterion is pre-used.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ALL_nonzero_square_rows_before_symbol_definition · Uses: G001, S005

S007 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL prime=3;COMPLETE nonzero square table=[[1, 1], [2, 1]];nonzero square classes=[1]

After

for EACH normalized class r,first r0 ->symbol0;else square-table member ->symbol1;otherwise ->symbol-1;these cases partition ALL0..p-1

Conditions: none

Separate zero first;the fact that0 is a square does not give symbol+1.Nonzero classes are classified by the complete square table.This is definition plus exhaustive evidence,not a later multiplicativity or Euler formula.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ZERO_then_residue_nonresidue_three_way_definition · Uses: G001, S006

S008 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL candidate class quotient times modulus := mul(0, 3)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL candidate class quotient times modulus = 0

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S007

S009 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL candidate class ORIGINAL signed value minus multiple := sub(1, 0)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL candidate class ORIGINAL signed value minus multiple = 1

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S008

S010 · implies

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL candidate class:ORIGINAL a=1,positive modulus=3;actual quotient=0

After

normalized class=1;a=quotient*modulus+class;ORIGINAL a retained in output where declared

Conditions: none

Retain the same class for negative a and normalize into0..p−1,rather than using a negative language-specific remainder.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ORIGINAL_signed_class_Euclidean_normalization · Uses: G001, S009

Reverse checks

  • S010 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S009 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL candidate class ORIGINAL signed value minus multiple with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S008 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL candidate class quotient times modulus with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S007 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S006 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S005 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root2 exact square with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S004 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S003 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root1 exact square with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S002 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S001 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.

Result

(3, 1, 1, [1, 2], 1, complete_nonzero_square_root_witness)

The full substitutions and premise checks give the original answer; source identity,format and status are unchanged.

This question review and source binding

Review date: 2026-10-26

Original questions, answers, step expressions, numeric ASTs and historical records are retained. Source candidate labels remain historical and are not overwritten as formal proof.

Source hashes and review receipts
  • input commit: 0f7be61e2c22317a4075561dc822c87d881a50db
  • original question SHA-256: c02558076526dde71de3984e3f3654a385c78f3bec1543c7375903f9f33f647f
  • candidate record SHA-256: 90231b67f97046d578e60a371032209b505b51c40cabf19d1d0048bfb4eee560
  • semantic review receipt SHA-256: a7c0d888ade6d307703c4222c4137c78c0d2448babdcba2fa3446fe6fdd343c1
  • question-first witness SHA-256: c9571f97a37d503ad6a61034cc00108543a05c37ef246d1c4962f55136a3de02
  • Lean: NOT_RUN · human review: NOT_PERFORMED
Same-source full JSON