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Question 23752: A Complete Root Table Distinguishes Symbol Plus One from Minus One

On this page
  1. Original question and givens
  2. Definition and scope
  3. Step-by-step derivation
  4. Reverse checks
  5. Result
  6. This question review and source binding

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← Question derivation index · Original question batch

R0046-23752 · q-20261014-advance-20261112-r06-legendre-symbol-0027

Original question and givens

Use odd prime p=5, original a=2. Give (prime, a, normalized_class, nonzero_roots, Legendre_symbol, certificate).

  • G001 — Use odd prime p=5, original a=2. Give (prime, a, normalized_class, nonzero_roots, Legendre_symbol, certificate).

Definition and scope

Use the original question domain, assumptions and cited MKO definitions. This item has second-context mathematical and bilingual review, with the model, answer and every arithmetic step independently recomputed from the original parameters; the source question remains a candidate.

Step-by-step derivation

S001 · implies

Before

source operation=legendre-residue-nonresidue-witness;original snapshot and mathematics retained

After

explicit ordered source output fields=[prime, a, normalized_class, nonzero_roots, Legendre_symbol, certificate]

Conditions: none

Keep the source snapshot while listing ordered fields without JavaScript.Radius uses its original mode to select6 or11 fields without padding;distinguish nonclaims from actual negations.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: source_ordered_interface_explicit_without_javascript · Uses: G001

S002 · implies

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL odd prime:ORIGINAL modulus=5;ALL possible trial divisors through square root=[2]

After

ALL [divisor,remainder] rows=[[2, 1]];prime=Yes

Conditions: none

Qualify primality over the full trial range,not by guessing from Legendre/Euler classification.This is a modulus premise,not the square status of a.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_complete_prime_trial_not_Euler_classification · Uses: G001, S001

S003 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root1 exact square := mul(1, 1)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root1 exact square = 1

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S002

S004 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL root x=1 in1..4;exact square=1

After

square=0*5+1;canonical square class=1;ALL root indices retained

Conditions: none

Include every nonzero root.A few squares do not prove another class rootless;no Euler criterion is pre-used.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ALL_nonzero_square_rows_before_symbol_definition · Uses: G001, S003

S005 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root2 exact square := mul(2, 2)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root2 exact square = 4

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S004

S006 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL root x=2 in1..4;exact square=4

After

square=0*5+4;canonical square class=4;ALL root indices retained

Conditions: none

Include every nonzero root.A few squares do not prove another class rootless;no Euler criterion is pre-used.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ALL_nonzero_square_rows_before_symbol_definition · Uses: G001, S005

S007 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root3 exact square := mul(3, 3)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root3 exact square = 9

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S006

S008 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL root x=3 in1..4;exact square=9

After

square=1*5+4;canonical square class=4;ALL root indices retained

Conditions: none

Include every nonzero root.A few squares do not prove another class rootless;no Euler criterion is pre-used.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ALL_nonzero_square_rows_before_symbol_definition · Uses: G001, S007

S009 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root4 exact square := mul(4, 4)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root4 exact square = 16

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S008

S010 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL root x=4 in1..4;exact square=16

After

square=3*5+1;canonical square class=1;ALL root indices retained

Conditions: none

Include every nonzero root.A few squares do not prove another class rootless;no Euler criterion is pre-used.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ALL_nonzero_square_rows_before_symbol_definition · Uses: G001, S009

S011 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL prime=5;COMPLETE nonzero square table=[[1, 1], [2, 4], [3, 4], [4, 1]];nonzero square classes=[1, 4]

After

for EACH normalized class r,first r0 ->symbol0;else square-table member ->symbol1;otherwise ->symbol-1;these cases partition ALL0..p-1

Conditions: none

Separate zero first;the fact that0 is a square does not give symbol+1.Nonzero classes are classified by the complete square table.This is definition plus exhaustive evidence,not a later multiplicativity or Euler formula.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ZERO_then_residue_nonresidue_three_way_definition · Uses: G001, S010

S012 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL candidate class quotient times modulus := mul(0, 5)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL candidate class quotient times modulus = 0

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S011

S013 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL candidate class ORIGINAL signed value minus multiple := sub(2, 0)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL candidate class ORIGINAL signed value minus multiple = 2

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S012

S014 · implies

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL candidate class:ORIGINAL a=2,positive modulus=5;actual quotient=0

After

normalized class=2;a=quotient*modulus+class;ORIGINAL a retained in output where declared

Conditions: none

Retain the same class for negative a and normalize into0..p−1,rather than using a negative language-specific remainder.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ORIGINAL_signed_class_Euclidean_normalization · Uses: G001, S013

Reverse checks

  • S014 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S013 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL candidate class ORIGINAL signed value minus multiple with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S012 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL candidate class quotient times modulus with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S011 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S010 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S009 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root4 exact square with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S008 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S007 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root3 exact square with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S006 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S005 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root2 exact square with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S004 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S003 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root1 exact square with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S002 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S001 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.

Result

(5, 2, 2, [], -1, complete_square_table_has_no_root)

The full substitutions and premise checks give the original answer; source identity,format and status are unchanged.

This question review and source binding

Review date: 2026-10-26

Original questions, answers, step expressions, numeric ASTs and historical records are retained. Source candidate labels remain historical and are not overwritten as formal proof.

Source hashes and review receipts
  • input commit: 0f7be61e2c22317a4075561dc822c87d881a50db
  • original question SHA-256: 61339214698ecf62369ac70444971843443fc4794a4507675181069c06c7fe46
  • candidate record SHA-256: 2e047a9741dc62c6b5049fa317920b2ca60bc20f4fad7c989cd7e737c640d6f2
  • semantic review receipt SHA-256: a7c0d888ade6d307703c4222c4137c78c0d2448babdcba2fa3446fe6fdd343c1
  • question-first witness SHA-256: c9571f97a37d503ad6a61034cc00108543a05c37ef246d1c4962f55136a3de02
  • Lean: NOT_RUN · human review: NOT_PERFORMED
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