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Question 23781: Divisibility by p Gives Symbol Zero, Not Plus One

On this page
  1. Original question and givens
  2. Definition and scope
  3. Step-by-step derivation
  4. Reverse checks
  5. Result
  6. This question review and source binding

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R0046-23781 · q-20261014-advance-20261112-r06-legendre-symbol-0056

Original question and givens

Use odd prime p=17, original a=102. Give (prime, a, normalized_class, Legendre_symbol, nonzero_roots, certificate).

  • G001 — Use odd prime p=17, original a=102. Give (prime, a, normalized_class, Legendre_symbol, nonzero_roots, certificate).

Definition and scope

Use the original question domain, assumptions and cited MKO definitions. This item has second-context mathematical and bilingual review, with the model, answer and every arithmetic step independently recomputed from the original parameters; the source question remains a candidate.

Step-by-step derivation

S001 · implies

Before

source operation=legendre-zero-class;original snapshot and mathematics retained

After

explicit ordered source output fields=[prime, a, normalized_class, Legendre_symbol, nonzero_roots, certificate]

Conditions: none

Keep the source snapshot while listing ordered fields without JavaScript.Radius uses its original mode to select6 or11 fields without padding;distinguish nonclaims from actual negations.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: source_ordered_interface_explicit_without_javascript · Uses: G001

S002 · implies

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL odd prime:ORIGINAL modulus=17;ALL possible trial divisors through square root=[2, 3, 4]

After

ALL [divisor,remainder] rows=[[2, 1], [3, 2], [4, 1]];prime=Yes

Conditions: none

Qualify primality over the full trial range,not by guessing from Legendre/Euler classification.This is a modulus premise,not the square status of a.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_complete_prime_trial_not_Euler_classification · Uses: G001, S001

S003 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root1 exact square := mul(1, 1)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root1 exact square = 1

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S002

S004 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL root x=1 in1..16;exact square=1

After

square=0*17+1;canonical square class=1;ALL root indices retained

Conditions: none

Include every nonzero root.A few squares do not prove another class rootless;no Euler criterion is pre-used.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ALL_nonzero_square_rows_before_symbol_definition · Uses: G001, S003

S005 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root2 exact square := mul(2, 2)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root2 exact square = 4

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S004

S006 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL root x=2 in1..16;exact square=4

After

square=0*17+4;canonical square class=4;ALL root indices retained

Conditions: none

Include every nonzero root.A few squares do not prove another class rootless;no Euler criterion is pre-used.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ALL_nonzero_square_rows_before_symbol_definition · Uses: G001, S005

S007 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root3 exact square := mul(3, 3)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root3 exact square = 9

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S006

S008 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL root x=3 in1..16;exact square=9

After

square=0*17+9;canonical square class=9;ALL root indices retained

Conditions: none

Include every nonzero root.A few squares do not prove another class rootless;no Euler criterion is pre-used.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ALL_nonzero_square_rows_before_symbol_definition · Uses: G001, S007

S009 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root4 exact square := mul(4, 4)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root4 exact square = 16

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S008

S010 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL root x=4 in1..16;exact square=16

After

square=0*17+16;canonical square class=16;ALL root indices retained

Conditions: none

Include every nonzero root.A few squares do not prove another class rootless;no Euler criterion is pre-used.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ALL_nonzero_square_rows_before_symbol_definition · Uses: G001, S009

S011 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root5 exact square := mul(5, 5)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root5 exact square = 25

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S010

S012 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL root x=5 in1..16;exact square=25

After

square=1*17+8;canonical square class=8;ALL root indices retained

Conditions: none

Include every nonzero root.A few squares do not prove another class rootless;no Euler criterion is pre-used.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ALL_nonzero_square_rows_before_symbol_definition · Uses: G001, S011

S013 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root6 exact square := mul(6, 6)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root6 exact square = 36

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S012

S014 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL root x=6 in1..16;exact square=36

After

square=2*17+2;canonical square class=2;ALL root indices retained

Conditions: none

Include every nonzero root.A few squares do not prove another class rootless;no Euler criterion is pre-used.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ALL_nonzero_square_rows_before_symbol_definition · Uses: G001, S013

S015 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root7 exact square := mul(7, 7)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root7 exact square = 49

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S014

S016 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL root x=7 in1..16;exact square=49

After

square=2*17+15;canonical square class=15;ALL root indices retained

Conditions: none

Include every nonzero root.A few squares do not prove another class rootless;no Euler criterion is pre-used.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ALL_nonzero_square_rows_before_symbol_definition · Uses: G001, S015

S017 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root8 exact square := mul(8, 8)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root8 exact square = 64

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S016

S018 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL root x=8 in1..16;exact square=64

After

square=3*17+13;canonical square class=13;ALL root indices retained

Conditions: none

Include every nonzero root.A few squares do not prove another class rootless;no Euler criterion is pre-used.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ALL_nonzero_square_rows_before_symbol_definition · Uses: G001, S017

S019 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root9 exact square := mul(9, 9)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root9 exact square = 81

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S018

S020 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL root x=9 in1..16;exact square=81

After

square=4*17+13;canonical square class=13;ALL root indices retained

Conditions: none

Include every nonzero root.A few squares do not prove another class rootless;no Euler criterion is pre-used.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ALL_nonzero_square_rows_before_symbol_definition · Uses: G001, S019

S021 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root10 exact square := mul(10, 10)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root10 exact square = 100

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S020

S022 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL root x=10 in1..16;exact square=100

After

square=5*17+15;canonical square class=15;ALL root indices retained

Conditions: none

Include every nonzero root.A few squares do not prove another class rootless;no Euler criterion is pre-used.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ALL_nonzero_square_rows_before_symbol_definition · Uses: G001, S021

S023 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root11 exact square := mul(11, 11)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root11 exact square = 121

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S022

S024 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL root x=11 in1..16;exact square=121

After

square=7*17+2;canonical square class=2;ALL root indices retained

Conditions: none

Include every nonzero root.A few squares do not prove another class rootless;no Euler criterion is pre-used.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ALL_nonzero_square_rows_before_symbol_definition · Uses: G001, S023

S025 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root12 exact square := mul(12, 12)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root12 exact square = 144

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S024

S026 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL root x=12 in1..16;exact square=144

After

square=8*17+8;canonical square class=8;ALL root indices retained

Conditions: none

Include every nonzero root.A few squares do not prove another class rootless;no Euler criterion is pre-used.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ALL_nonzero_square_rows_before_symbol_definition · Uses: G001, S025

S027 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root13 exact square := mul(13, 13)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root13 exact square = 169

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S026

S028 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL root x=13 in1..16;exact square=169

After

square=9*17+16;canonical square class=16;ALL root indices retained

Conditions: none

Include every nonzero root.A few squares do not prove another class rootless;no Euler criterion is pre-used.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ALL_nonzero_square_rows_before_symbol_definition · Uses: G001, S027

S029 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root14 exact square := mul(14, 14)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root14 exact square = 196

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S028

S030 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL root x=14 in1..16;exact square=196

After

square=11*17+9;canonical square class=9;ALL root indices retained

Conditions: none

Include every nonzero root.A few squares do not prove another class rootless;no Euler criterion is pre-used.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ALL_nonzero_square_rows_before_symbol_definition · Uses: G001, S029

S031 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root15 exact square := mul(15, 15)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root15 exact square = 225

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S030

S032 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL root x=15 in1..16;exact square=225

After

square=13*17+4;canonical square class=4;ALL root indices retained

Conditions: none

Include every nonzero root.A few squares do not prove another class rootless;no Euler criterion is pre-used.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ALL_nonzero_square_rows_before_symbol_definition · Uses: G001, S031

S033 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root16 exact square := mul(16, 16)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root16 exact square = 256

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S032

S034 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL root x=16 in1..16;exact square=256

After

square=15*17+1;canonical square class=1;ALL root indices retained

Conditions: none

Include every nonzero root.A few squares do not prove another class rootless;no Euler criterion is pre-used.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ALL_nonzero_square_rows_before_symbol_definition · Uses: G001, S033

S035 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL prime=17;COMPLETE nonzero square table=[[1, 1], [2, 4], [3, 9], [4, 16], [5, 8], [6, 2], [7, 15], [8, 13], [9, 13], [10, 15], [11, 2], [12, 8], [13, 16], [14, 9], [15, 4], [16, 1]];nonzero square classes=[1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 13, 15, 16]

After

for EACH normalized class r,first r0 ->symbol0;else square-table member ->symbol1;otherwise ->symbol-1;these cases partition ALL0..p-1

Conditions: none

Separate zero first;the fact that0 is a square does not give symbol+1.Nonzero classes are classified by the complete square table.This is definition plus exhaustive evidence,not a later multiplicativity or Euler formula.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ZERO_then_residue_nonresidue_three_way_definition · Uses: G001, S034

S036 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL candidate class quotient times modulus := mul(6, 17)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL candidate class quotient times modulus = 102

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S035

S037 · calculation

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL candidate class ORIGINAL signed value minus multiple := sub(102, 102)

After

Legendre ORIGINAL candidate class ORIGINAL signed value minus multiple = 0

Conditions: none

Substitute original roles and established intermediates exactly,without floats or treating finite tests as universal limits.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S036

S038 · implies

Before

Legendre ORIGINAL candidate class:ORIGINAL a=102,positive modulus=17;actual quotient=6

After

normalized class=0;a=quotient*modulus+class;ORIGINAL a retained in output where declared

Conditions: none

Retain the same class for negative a and normalize into0..p−1,rather than using a negative language-specific remainder.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: legendre_ORIGINAL_signed_class_Euclidean_normalization · Uses: G001, S037

Reverse checks

  • S038 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S037 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL candidate class ORIGINAL signed value minus multiple with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S036 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL candidate class quotient times modulus with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S035 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S034 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S033 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root16 exact square with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S032 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S031 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root15 exact square with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S030 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S029 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root14 exact square with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S028 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S027 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root13 exact square with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S026 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S025 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root12 exact square with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S024 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S023 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root11 exact square with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S022 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S021 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root10 exact square with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S020 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S019 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root9 exact square with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S018 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S017 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root8 exact square with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S016 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S015 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root7 exact square with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S014 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S013 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root6 exact square with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S012 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S011 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root5 exact square with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S010 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S009 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root4 exact square with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S008 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S007 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root3 exact square with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S006 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S005 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root2 exact square with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S004 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S003 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Legendre ORIGINAL nonzero root1 exact square with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S002 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S001 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.

Result

(17, 102, 0, 0, [], p_divides_a_so_Legendre_symbol_is_zero_before_residue_classification)

The full substitutions and premise checks give the original answer; source identity,format and status are unchanged.

This question review and source binding

Review date: 2026-10-26

Original questions, answers, step expressions, numeric ASTs and historical records are retained. Source candidate labels remain historical and are not overwritten as formal proof.

Source hashes and review receipts
  • input commit: 0f7be61e2c22317a4075561dc822c87d881a50db
  • original question SHA-256: 5228a14281380681d1a751803a21c35295a4b5d0097605a91a822c62c621412b
  • candidate record SHA-256: db224b150c98f58f7cbe52f221cb399148bbe8f0c8a129843178de7f84bd150e
  • semantic review receipt SHA-256: a7c0d888ade6d307703c4222c4137c78c0d2448babdcba2fa3446fe6fdd343c1
  • question-first witness SHA-256: c9571f97a37d503ad6a61034cc00108543a05c37ef246d1c4962f55136a3de02
  • Lean: NOT_RUN · human review: NOT_PERFORMED
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