Every open set in a four-point product

On this page
  1. Goal and scope
  2. Givens and symbols
  3. Rules and sources
  4. Main derivation
  5. Substeps and lemmas
  6. Reverse audits
  7. Error controls and negative controls
  8. Result and limitations
  9. Verification and source binding

← Guide index · Original MKO

derivation-mko-finite-product-topology-01 · ocme-new142-reader-adoption-20261021

Goal and scope

Generate every product open from two Sierpinski factors and audit projections.

Two nonempty finite factors; no zero-factor convention or infinite-box extrapolation.

Givens and symbols

  • sets
  • topology
  • definition_here
  • G1 — X=Y={0,1}, both topologies are {empty,{0},{0,1}}; a=(0,0),b=(0,1),c=(1,0),d=(1,1), P={a,b,c,d}.
  • P — Cartesian carrier
  • \mathcal B — rectangle basis
  • \pi_i — coordinate projection

Rules and sources

  • mko_definition · cited — In the two-factor exact families qualify each complete finite factor topology, build the full typed Cartesian carrier and every open rectangle U×V, then close under arbitrary unions to obtain the product topology. Each projection has open preimages. A map z↦(f(z),g(z)) from a finite source is continuous exactly when both coordinates are continuous. Finite product and box topologies agree here, but not by an automatic inference for infinite products. A family of basic rectangles is usually not itself the complete topology. · mko-finite-product-topology
  • sets · prerequisite — Compute unions, intersections, complements, inclusion and preimages element by element.
  • topology · prerequisite — A topology contains empty and whole sets and is closed under arbitrary unions and finite intersections; a finite family admits exhaustive checks.
  • definition_here · prerequisite — The Cartesian carrier consists of ordered pairs; product opens are arbitrary unions of open rectangles; a projection selects its designated coordinate; continuity requires every target-open preimage to be open.

Main derivation

S01 · implies

Before

\varnothing\subset\{0\}\subset\{0,1\}

After

\tau_X,\tau_Y\text{ are topologies}

Conditions: none

Rule: topology · Uses: G1

Leaf basis: topology

Each three-member chain contains endpoints and is union/intersection closed, qualifying both factors.

S02 · definition

Before

P=X\times Y

After

P=\{a,b,c,d\},\quad |P|=2\cdot2=4

Conditions: none

Rule: definition_here · Uses: G1

Leaf basis: definition_here

The complete Cartesian carrier contains four ordered pairs.

S03 · definition

Before

U\times V,\quad U\in\tau_X,V\in\tau_Y

After

\mathcal B=\{\varnothing,\{a\},\{a,b\},\{a,c\},P\}

Conditions: none

Rule: definition_here · Uses: G1, S01, S02

Leaf basis: definition_here

Deduplicate nine rectangles into five sets: an empty factor gives empty, and the four nonempty combinations are listed.

S04 · definition

Before

\tau_P=\{\bigcup\mathcal C:\mathcal C\subseteq\mathcal B\}

After

\tau_P=\{\varnothing,\{a\},\{a,b\},\{a,c\},\{a,b,c\},P\}

Conditions: none

Rule: definition_here · Uses: S03

Leaf basis: definition_here

The union of the two incomparable rectangles adds {a,b,c}; every other union is already listed, giving exactly six opens.

S05 · implies

Before

\{a,b\}\cap\{a,c\}=\{a\},\quad \{a,b\}\cup\{a,c\}=\{a,b,c\}

After

\tau_P\text{ is a topology}

Conditions: none

Rule: topology · Uses: S04

Leaf basis: topology

Except for the incomparable pair, inclusion determines unions/intersections; operations with the added three-point set also stay listed, and endpoints are present.

S06 · implies

Before

\pi_1^{-1}(\{0\})=\{a,b\},\quad\pi_2^{-1}(\{0\})=\{a,c\}

After

\pi_1,\pi_2\text{ are continuous}

Conditions: none

Rule: definition_here · Uses: G1, S04, definition_here

Leaf basis: definition_here

The remaining factor opens are empty and whole, with preimages empty and P; every required preimage is open.

S07 · implies

Before

h(z)=(f(z),g(z)),\quad f,g\text{ continuous}

After

h^{-1}(U\times V)=f^{-1}(U)\cap g^{-1}(V)\text{ open}

Conditions: f:Z\to X,\ g:Z\to Y\text{ continuous}

Rule: definition_here · Uses: S03, S04, definition_here

Leaf basis: definition_here

For a finite topological source Z, continuous coordinates give open preimage intersections; preimages commute with arbitrary rectangle unions.

S08 · implies

Before

h\text{ continuous}

After

f=\pi_1\circ h,\quad g=\pi_2\circ h\text{ continuous}

Conditions: h:Z\to P\text{ continuous}

Rule: definition_here · Uses: S06, S07, definition_here

Leaf basis: definition_here

Composition preserves continuity because preimages compose; together with the previous step this gives the coordinate criterion.

Substeps and lemmas

No substeps in this guide.

Reverse audits

  • S08 · premise_audit · S06, S07, definition_here — The criterion uses the complete six-open product topology, not the unclosed rectangle list.
  • S07 · premise_audit · S03, S04, definition_here — The topology of Z and continuity of both coordinates are premises of this conditional argument.
  • S06 · premise_audit · G1, S04, definition_here — All three target opens have been checked for each projection.
  • S05 · premise_audit · S04 — Every arbitrary union in this finite family reduces to repeated binary unions.
  • S04 · premise_audit · S03 — The added member is not a rectangle, protecting against omitted unions.
  • S03 · premise_audit · G1, S01, S02 — The rectangle family is not yet called the complete topology.
  • S02 · premise_audit · G1 — (0,1) and (1,0) remain distinct.
  • S01 · premise_audit · G1 — Both coordinate types of the ordered pairs are fixed.

Error controls and negative controls

Union closure

Build rectangles and then all their unions, not just the basis.

Types and direction

Projection preimages use the corresponding coordinate's opens.

  • The five rectangles are all opens. → reject — {a,b,c} is a union of two rectangles and is not itself a rectangle.
  • Cartesian pairs are unordered. → reject — b and c are different points.
  • Finite product=box implies equality for infinite products. → reject — In the countably infinite product of R indexed by the natural numbers (the real-sequence space), the box-open product with every factor (-1,1) is not product-open: any basic product neighborhood of zero restricts only finitely many coordinates, so an unrestricted coordinate can be changed to 2.

Result and limitations

The product has exactly six opens and continuous projections; paired maps from finite sources satisfy the coordinate criterion.

    Verification and source binding

    1 declared checks for this guide; only the listed expressions are covered.

    • source commit: b1b2f1dcf8c50d67a93fe52d95f8eef7b3abba9f
    • adopted source SHA-256: b45b64af72af44b80a818bcda104e7319061c6713cd7fd49a7869539b4038479
    • original source SHA-256: b45b64af72af44b80a818bcda104e7319061c6713cd7fd49a7869539b4038479
    • Lean: NOT_RUN · independent AI: SCOPED_LEAD_AND_BILINGUAL_CONTEXT_REVIEW

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