The correct image isomorphism for a nonsurjection

On this page
  1. Goal and scope
  2. Givens and symbols
  3. Rules and sources
  4. Main derivation
  5. Substeps and lemmas
  6. Reverse audits
  7. Error controls and negative controls
  8. Result and limitations
  9. Verification and source binding

← Guide index · Original MKO

derivation-mko-first-isomorphism-theorem-finite-groups-01 · ocme-new142-reader-adoption-20261021

Goal and scope

For f:C4 to C4,f(a)=2a mod 4, C4/{0,2} is isomorphic to {0,2}, not the full codomain C4.

Complete finite homomorphism, kernel, image, quotient and induced map with every representative checked.

Givens and symbols

  • calc
  • G1 — G=Q=C4, both using the full addition-modulo-4 table below; f(0)=0,f(1)=2,f(2)=0,f(3)=2.
  • K,I — source kernel and target image
  • \bar f — map from cosets to the image

Rules and sources

  • calc · prerequisite — Assume exact modulo-4 arithmetic and definitions of groups, homomorphisms, quotient cosets and isomorphism, in additive notation.
  • mko_definition · cited — Qualify both complete Cayley tables and the complete total homomorphism f first. Construct the full kernel, image and kernel-coset quotient. The induced map bar_f(g*kernel)=f(g) must agree on every representative of every coset, preserve every product and be injective and surjective onto the image. Equal cardinalities alone do not prove an isomorphism. If f is not surjective, do not replace the image by the entire codomain. Finite enumeration certifies the specified model, not the general abstract theorem; a nonhomomorphism cannot invoke the theorem. · mko-first-isomorphism-theorem-finite-groups

Main derivation

S01 · implies

Before

G=Q=C_4

After

\begin{array}{c|cccc}+&0&1&2&3\\\hline 0&0&1&2&3\\1&1&2&3&0\\2&2&3&0&1\\3&3&0&1&2\\\end{array}

Conditions: none

Rule: calc · Uses: G1

Leaf basis: calc

Source and target are the same complete four-element group model, each with this 16-entry table; associativity descends from integers, identity is 0 and inverse list 0,3,2,1 is complete.

S02 · implies

Before

f:G\to Q

After

(f(0),f(1),f(2),f(3))=(0,2,0,2)

Conditions: none

Rule: calc · Uses: G1, S01

Leaf basis: calc

All four values of the complete total map lie in Q.

S03 · implies

Before

f((a+b)\bmod4)\equiv2(a+b)\pmod4

After

\begin{array}{c|cccc}f(a+b)&0&1&2&3\\\hline 0&0&2&0&2\\1&2&0&2&0\\2&0&2&0&2\\3&2&0&2&0\\\end{array}\quad=f(a)+f(b)\ (\bmod4)

Conditions: none

Rule: calc · Uses: G1, S01, S02

Leaf basis: calc

Distributivity and reduction give equality for all 16 pairs, fully verifying the homomorphism.

S04 · implies

Before

K=f^{-1}(0),\quad I=f(G)

After

K=\{0,2\},\quad I=\{0,2\};\quad0+0=0,0+2=2,2+0=2,2+2=0\ (\bmod4)

Conditions: none

Rule: calc · Uses: G1, S01, S02, S03

Leaf basis: calc

The full preimage and image are explicit; four products and inverses 0,2 qualify subgroups, and g+k-g=k for all g proves K normal.

S05 · implies

Before

A=0+K=2+K,\quad B=1+K=3+K

After

A=\{0,2\},\quad B=\{1,3\},\quad A\sqcup B=G

Conditions: none

Rule: calc · Uses: G1, S01, S04

Leaf basis: calc

All four cosets deduplicate to a complete two-class partition.

S06 · implies

Before

a,b=0,1,2,3

After

\begin{array}{c|cccc}(a+b)+K&0&1&2&3\\\hline 0&A&B&A&B\\1&B&A&B&A\\2&A&B&A&B\\3&B&A&B&A\\\end{array}\qquad\begin{array}{c|cc}+&A&B\\\hline A&A&B\\B&B&A\\\end{array}

Conditions: none

Rule: calc · Uses: G1, S01, S04, S05

Leaf basis: calc

All 16 representative-pair class indices are constant on each 2-by-2 block, proving well-defined quotient addition and yielding its full four-entry table.

S07 · implies

Before

\bar f(a+K)=f(a)

After

f(0)=f(2)=0\Rightarrow\bar f(A)=0;\quad f(1)=f(3)=2\Rightarrow\bar f(B)=2

Conditions: none

Rule: calc · Uses: G1, S02, S05, S06

Leaf basis: calc

Every representative within each coset has the same value, first proving representative independence of the induced map.

S08 · implies

Before

A+A=A,A+B=B,B+A=B,B+B=A

After

0+0=0,0+2=2,2+0=2,2+2=0\ (\bmod4)

Conditions: none

Rule: calc · Uses: G1, S04, S06, S07

Leaf basis: calc

The images of all four quotient products match products in I, so bar f is a homomorphism.

S09 · implies

Before

\bar f(A)=0\ne2=\bar f(B)

After

\bar f\text{ injective and onto }I=\{0,2\}

Conditions: none

Rule: calc · Uses: G1, S04, S07

Leaf basis: calc

Distinct images prove injectivity, and both I elements are hit, proving surjectivity onto the image.

S10 · implies

Before

\bar f:G/K\to I\text{ well-defined bijective homomorphism}

After

G/K\cong I\subsetneq Q

Conditions: none

Rule: mko_definition · Uses: G1, S06, S07, S08, S09

Leaf basis: mko_definition

Well-definedness, operation preservation and bijectivity establish the first-isomorphism conclusion for this model.

Substeps and lemmas

No substeps in this guide.

Reverse audits

  • S10 · premise_audit · G1, S06, S07, S08, S09 — This finite certificate does not replace the general abstract proof or substitute Q for the proper image.
  • S09 · premise_audit · G1, S04, S07 — Codomain values 1,3 are missed, so onto Q cannot be claimed.
  • S08 · premise_audit · G1, S04, S06, S07 — The carriers differ but all four products correspond; size two alone is not an isomorphism proof.
  • S07 · premise_audit · G1, S02, S05, S06 — One cannot check only 0,1 and ignore 2,3; all four representatives are checked.
  • S06 · premise_audit · G1, S01, S04, S05 — Associativity descends, identity is A, and A,B are each self-inverse, fully qualifying the quotient.
  • S05 · premise_audit · G1, S01, S04 — Quotient elements are sets A,B rather than unique representatives 0,1.
  • S04 · premise_audit · G1, S01, S02, S03 — K belongs to the source and I to the target, with distinct roles despite identical numeral sets.
  • S03 · premise_audit · G1, S01, S02 — Neither cardinality nor f(0)=0 alone qualifies a homomorphism.
  • S02 · premise_audit · G1, S01 — Q contains 1,3, which f need not hit; retain the image/codomain distinction.
  • S01 · premise_audit · G1 — Identical group models do not make f the identity; the map still needs checking.

Error controls and negative controls

Image boundary

The conclusion targets I={0,2}; without surjectivity it cannot be replaced by Q.

Representatives first

Check A's representatives 0,2 and B's 1,3 before the induced map.

  • G/K is isomorphic to Q because f is a homomorphism. → reject — G/K has 2 elements but Q has 4, and f is not onto.
  • Equal sizes |G/K|=|I| prove isomorphism. → reject — An actual induced map must respect all products and representatives; sizes give no operation certificate.
  • bar f(B) may differ for representatives 1 and 3. → reject — f(1)=f(3)=2, and well-definedness requires agreement.

Result and limitations

For f:C4 to C4,f(a)=2a mod 4, C4/{0,2} is isomorphic to {0,2}, not the full codomain C4.

    Verification and source binding

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