Step-by-step derivation
S001 · implies
Before
explicit real polynomial moment or constant integrand model
After
oriented I(a,b)=H(b)−H(a);do not sort endpoints
Conditions: none
Real polynomials are continuous and integrable;use termwise primitive endpoint differences for exact oriented integrals,not absolute area or a finite sum.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: polynomial_moment_scope · Uses: G001
S002 · calculation
Before
interval width := sub(3, -1)
After
interval width = 4
Conditions: none
Compute the nonnegative interval width,allowing zero width.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S001
S003 · calculation
Before
partition step := div(4, 10)
After
partition step = 2/5
Conditions: none
Divide by positive integer N to get the exact step.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S002
S004 · calculation
Before
left sample0 offset := mul(0, 2/5)
After
left sample0 offset = 0
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S003
S005 · calculation
Before
left sample0 x := sum(-1, 0)
After
left sample0 x = -1
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S004
S006 · calculation
Before
left sample0 mx := mul(-10, -1)
After
left sample0 mx = 10
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S005
S007 · calculation
Before
left sample0 value := sum(10, -3)
After
left sample0 value = 7
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S006
S008 · calculation
Before
left sample0 rectangle := mul(7, 2/5)
After
left sample0 rectangle = 14/5
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S007
S009 · implies
Before
[-1, 7, 14/5]
After
finite left-sum term index=0
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S008
S010 · calculation
Before
left sample1 offset := mul(1, 2/5)
After
left sample1 offset = 2/5
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S009
S011 · calculation
Before
left sample1 x := sum(-1, 2/5)
After
left sample1 x = -3/5
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S010
S012 · calculation
Before
left sample1 mx := mul(-10, -3/5)
After
left sample1 mx = 6
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S011
S013 · calculation
Before
left sample1 value := sum(6, -3)
After
left sample1 value = 3
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S012
S014 · calculation
Before
left sample1 rectangle := mul(3, 2/5)
After
left sample1 rectangle = 6/5
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S013
S015 · implies
Before
[-3/5, 3, 6/5]
After
finite left-sum term index=1
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S014
S016 · calculation
Before
left sample2 offset := mul(2, 2/5)
After
left sample2 offset = 4/5
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S015
S017 · calculation
Before
left sample2 x := sum(-1, 4/5)
After
left sample2 x = -1/5
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S016
S018 · calculation
Before
left sample2 mx := mul(-10, -1/5)
After
left sample2 mx = 2
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S017
S019 · calculation
Before
left sample2 value := sum(2, -3)
After
left sample2 value = -1
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S018
S020 · calculation
Before
left sample2 rectangle := mul(-1, 2/5)
After
left sample2 rectangle = -2/5
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S019
S021 · implies
Before
[-1/5, -1, -2/5]
After
finite left-sum term index=2
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S020
S022 · calculation
Before
left sample3 offset := mul(3, 2/5)
After
left sample3 offset = 6/5
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S021
S023 · calculation
Before
left sample3 x := sum(-1, 6/5)
After
left sample3 x = 1/5
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S022
S024 · calculation
Before
left sample3 mx := mul(-10, 1/5)
After
left sample3 mx = -2
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S023
S025 · calculation
Before
left sample3 value := sum(-2, -3)
After
left sample3 value = -5
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S024
S026 · calculation
Before
left sample3 rectangle := mul(-5, 2/5)
After
left sample3 rectangle = -2
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S025
S027 · implies
Before
[1/5, -5, -2]
After
finite left-sum term index=3
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S026
S028 · calculation
Before
left sample4 offset := mul(4, 2/5)
After
left sample4 offset = 8/5
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S027
S029 · calculation
Before
left sample4 x := sum(-1, 8/5)
After
left sample4 x = 3/5
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S028
S030 · calculation
Before
left sample4 mx := mul(-10, 3/5)
After
left sample4 mx = -6
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S029
S031 · calculation
Before
left sample4 value := sum(-6, -3)
After
left sample4 value = -9
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S030
S032 · calculation
Before
left sample4 rectangle := mul(-9, 2/5)
After
left sample4 rectangle = -18/5
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S031
S033 · implies
Before
[3/5, -9, -18/5]
After
finite left-sum term index=4
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S032
S034 · calculation
Before
left sample5 offset := mul(5, 2/5)
After
left sample5 offset = 2
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S033
S035 · calculation
Before
left sample5 x := sum(-1, 2)
After
left sample5 x = 1
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S034
S036 · calculation
Before
left sample5 mx := mul(-10, 1)
After
left sample5 mx = -10
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S035
S037 · calculation
Before
left sample5 value := sum(-10, -3)
After
left sample5 value = -13
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S036
S038 · calculation
Before
left sample5 rectangle := mul(-13, 2/5)
After
left sample5 rectangle = -26/5
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S037
S039 · implies
Before
[1, -13, -26/5]
After
finite left-sum term index=5
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S038
S040 · calculation
Before
left sample6 offset := mul(6, 2/5)
After
left sample6 offset = 12/5
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S039
S041 · calculation
Before
left sample6 x := sum(-1, 12/5)
After
left sample6 x = 7/5
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S040
S042 · calculation
Before
left sample6 mx := mul(-10, 7/5)
After
left sample6 mx = -14
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S041
S043 · calculation
Before
left sample6 value := sum(-14, -3)
After
left sample6 value = -17
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S042
S044 · calculation
Before
left sample6 rectangle := mul(-17, 2/5)
After
left sample6 rectangle = -34/5
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S043
S045 · implies
Before
[7/5, -17, -34/5]
After
finite left-sum term index=6
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S044
S046 · calculation
Before
left sample7 offset := mul(7, 2/5)
After
left sample7 offset = 14/5
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S045
S047 · calculation
Before
left sample7 x := sum(-1, 14/5)
After
left sample7 x = 9/5
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S046
S048 · calculation
Before
left sample7 mx := mul(-10, 9/5)
After
left sample7 mx = -18
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S047
S049 · calculation
Before
left sample7 value := sum(-18, -3)
After
left sample7 value = -21
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S048
S050 · calculation
Before
left sample7 rectangle := mul(-21, 2/5)
After
left sample7 rectangle = -42/5
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S049
S051 · implies
Before
[9/5, -21, -42/5]
After
finite left-sum term index=7
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S050
S052 · calculation
Before
left sample8 offset := mul(8, 2/5)
After
left sample8 offset = 16/5
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S051
S053 · calculation
Before
left sample8 x := sum(-1, 16/5)
After
left sample8 x = 11/5
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S052
S054 · calculation
Before
left sample8 mx := mul(-10, 11/5)
After
left sample8 mx = -22
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S053
S055 · calculation
Before
left sample8 value := sum(-22, -3)
After
left sample8 value = -25
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S054
S056 · calculation
Before
left sample8 rectangle := mul(-25, 2/5)
After
left sample8 rectangle = -10
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S055
S057 · implies
Before
[11/5, -25, -10]
After
finite left-sum term index=8
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S056
S058 · calculation
Before
left sample9 offset := mul(9, 2/5)
After
left sample9 offset = 18/5
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S057
S059 · calculation
Before
left sample9 x := sum(-1, 18/5)
After
left sample9 x = 13/5
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S058
S060 · calculation
Before
left sample9 mx := mul(-10, 13/5)
After
left sample9 mx = -26
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S059
S061 · calculation
Before
left sample9 value := sum(-26, -3)
After
left sample9 value = -29
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S060
S062 · calculation
Before
left sample9 rectangle := mul(-29, 2/5)
After
left sample9 rectangle = -58/5
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S061
S063 · implies
Before
[13/5, -29, -58/5]
After
finite left-sum term index=9
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S062
S064 · calculation
Before
finite left sum := sum(14/5, 6/5, -2/5, -2, -18/5, -26/5, -34/5, -42/5, -10, -58/5)
After
finite left sum = -44
Conditions: none
Add all N contributions.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S063
S065 · calculation
Before
affine integral primitive coefficient1 := div(-3, 1)
After
affine integral primitive coefficient1 = -3
Conditions: none
The primitive coefficient for c·x^k is c/(k+1),with positive nonzero k+1.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S064
S066 · calculation
Before
affine integral primitive coefficient2 := div(-10, 2)
After
affine integral primitive coefficient2 = -5
Conditions: none
The primitive coefficient for c·x^k is c/(k+1),with positive nonzero k+1.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S065
S067 · implies
Before
[0, -3, -5]
After
H′=the supplied polynomial;integrate from -1 to 3
Conditions: none
Termwise differentiation recovers the original coefficients;the integration constant cancels in the endpoint difference.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: polynomial_primitive_identity · Uses: G001, S066
S068 · implies
Before
affine integral H(b) ascending coefficients=[0, -3, -5]
After
evaluate at x=3
Conditions: none
Evaluate ascending coefficients by Horner from the highest nonzero term down;ignoring redundant top zero terms changes neither the function nor the retained original list.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: polynomial_evaluation_order · Uses: G001, S067
S069 · calculation
Before
affine integral H(b) Horner multiply before degree1 := mul(-5, 3)
After
affine integral H(b) Horner multiply before degree1 = -15
Conditions: none
Multiply by the same evaluation point first.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S068
S070 · calculation
Before
affine integral H(b) Horner add degree1 := sum(-15, -3)
After
affine integral H(b) Horner add degree1 = -18
Conditions: none
Then add the full coefficient at this position.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S069
S071 · calculation
Before
affine integral H(b) Horner multiply before degree0 := mul(-18, 3)
After
affine integral H(b) Horner multiply before degree0 = -54
Conditions: none
Multiply by the same evaluation point first.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S070
S072 · calculation
Before
affine integral H(b) Horner add degree0 := sum(-54, 0)
After
affine integral H(b) Horner add degree0 = -54
Conditions: none
Then add the full coefficient at this position.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S071
S073 · implies
Before
affine integral H(a) ascending coefficients=[0, -3, -5]
After
evaluate at x=-1
Conditions: none
Evaluate ascending coefficients by Horner from the highest nonzero term down;ignoring redundant top zero terms changes neither the function nor the retained original list.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: polynomial_evaluation_order · Uses: G001, S072
S074 · calculation
Before
affine integral H(a) Horner multiply before degree1 := mul(-5, -1)
After
affine integral H(a) Horner multiply before degree1 = 5
Conditions: none
Multiply by the same evaluation point first.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S073
S075 · calculation
Before
affine integral H(a) Horner add degree1 := sum(5, -3)
After
affine integral H(a) Horner add degree1 = 2
Conditions: none
Then add the full coefficient at this position.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S074
S076 · calculation
Before
affine integral H(a) Horner multiply before degree0 := mul(2, -1)
After
affine integral H(a) Horner multiply before degree0 = -2
Conditions: none
Multiply by the same evaluation point first.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S075
S077 · calculation
Before
affine integral H(a) Horner add degree0 := sum(-2, 0)
After
affine integral H(a) Horner add degree0 = -2
Conditions: none
Then add the full coefficient at this position.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S076
S078 · calculation
Before
affine integral oriented moment := sub(-54, -2)
After
affine integral oriented moment = -52
Conditions: none
Subtract the starting primitive value from the ending value;reversing endpoints naturally reverses the sign.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S077
S079 · calculation
Before
integral minus left sum := sub(-52, -44)
After
integral minus left sum = -8
Conditions: none
The requested direction is I−S_N;a negative slope may give a negative difference,not absolute error.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S078
S080 · implies
Before
I=-52;S_N=-44;N=10
After
signed finite-sum difference=-8
Conditions: none
This is the exact difference for finite N,not evidence of a general convergence rate or integrability of arbitrary functions.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: finite_sum_vs_integral · Uses: G001, S079