Step-by-step derivation
S001 · implies
Before
explicit real polynomial moment or constant integrand model
After
oriented I(a,b)=H(b)−H(a);do not sort endpoints
Conditions: none
Real polynomials are continuous and integrable;use termwise primitive endpoint differences for exact oriented integrals,not absolute area or a finite sum.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: polynomial_moment_scope · Uses: G001
S002 · calculation
Before
interval width := sub(7, 1)
After
interval width = 6
Conditions: none
Compute the nonnegative interval width,allowing zero width.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S001
S003 · calculation
Before
partition step := div(6, 12)
After
partition step = 1/2
Conditions: none
Divide by positive integer N to get the exact step.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S002
S004 · calculation
Before
left sample0 offset := mul(0, 1/2)
After
left sample0 offset = 0
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S003
S005 · calculation
Before
left sample0 x := sum(1, 0)
After
left sample0 x = 1
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S004
S006 · calculation
Before
left sample0 mx := mul(-12, 1)
After
left sample0 mx = -12
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S005
S007 · calculation
Before
left sample0 value := sum(-12, -1)
After
left sample0 value = -13
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S006
S008 · calculation
Before
left sample0 rectangle := mul(-13, 1/2)
After
left sample0 rectangle = -13/2
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S007
S009 · implies
Before
[1, -13, -13/2]
After
finite left-sum term index=0
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S008
S010 · calculation
Before
left sample1 offset := mul(1, 1/2)
After
left sample1 offset = 1/2
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S009
S011 · calculation
Before
left sample1 x := sum(1, 1/2)
After
left sample1 x = 3/2
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S010
S012 · calculation
Before
left sample1 mx := mul(-12, 3/2)
After
left sample1 mx = -18
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S011
S013 · calculation
Before
left sample1 value := sum(-18, -1)
After
left sample1 value = -19
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S012
S014 · calculation
Before
left sample1 rectangle := mul(-19, 1/2)
After
left sample1 rectangle = -19/2
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S013
S015 · implies
Before
[3/2, -19, -19/2]
After
finite left-sum term index=1
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S014
S016 · calculation
Before
left sample2 offset := mul(2, 1/2)
After
left sample2 offset = 1
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S015
S017 · calculation
Before
left sample2 x := sum(1, 1)
After
left sample2 x = 2
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S016
S018 · calculation
Before
left sample2 mx := mul(-12, 2)
After
left sample2 mx = -24
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S017
S019 · calculation
Before
left sample2 value := sum(-24, -1)
After
left sample2 value = -25
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S018
S020 · calculation
Before
left sample2 rectangle := mul(-25, 1/2)
After
left sample2 rectangle = -25/2
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S019
S021 · implies
Before
[2, -25, -25/2]
After
finite left-sum term index=2
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S020
S022 · calculation
Before
left sample3 offset := mul(3, 1/2)
After
left sample3 offset = 3/2
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S021
S023 · calculation
Before
left sample3 x := sum(1, 3/2)
After
left sample3 x = 5/2
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S022
S024 · calculation
Before
left sample3 mx := mul(-12, 5/2)
After
left sample3 mx = -30
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S023
S025 · calculation
Before
left sample3 value := sum(-30, -1)
After
left sample3 value = -31
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S024
S026 · calculation
Before
left sample3 rectangle := mul(-31, 1/2)
After
left sample3 rectangle = -31/2
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S025
S027 · implies
Before
[5/2, -31, -31/2]
After
finite left-sum term index=3
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S026
S028 · calculation
Before
left sample4 offset := mul(4, 1/2)
After
left sample4 offset = 2
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S027
S029 · calculation
Before
left sample4 x := sum(1, 2)
After
left sample4 x = 3
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S028
S030 · calculation
Before
left sample4 mx := mul(-12, 3)
After
left sample4 mx = -36
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S029
S031 · calculation
Before
left sample4 value := sum(-36, -1)
After
left sample4 value = -37
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S030
S032 · calculation
Before
left sample4 rectangle := mul(-37, 1/2)
After
left sample4 rectangle = -37/2
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S031
S033 · implies
Before
[3, -37, -37/2]
After
finite left-sum term index=4
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S032
S034 · calculation
Before
left sample5 offset := mul(5, 1/2)
After
left sample5 offset = 5/2
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S033
S035 · calculation
Before
left sample5 x := sum(1, 5/2)
After
left sample5 x = 7/2
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S034
S036 · calculation
Before
left sample5 mx := mul(-12, 7/2)
After
left sample5 mx = -42
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S035
S037 · calculation
Before
left sample5 value := sum(-42, -1)
After
left sample5 value = -43
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S036
S038 · calculation
Before
left sample5 rectangle := mul(-43, 1/2)
After
left sample5 rectangle = -43/2
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S037
S039 · implies
Before
[7/2, -43, -43/2]
After
finite left-sum term index=5
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S038
S040 · calculation
Before
left sample6 offset := mul(6, 1/2)
After
left sample6 offset = 3
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S039
S041 · calculation
Before
left sample6 x := sum(1, 3)
After
left sample6 x = 4
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S040
S042 · calculation
Before
left sample6 mx := mul(-12, 4)
After
left sample6 mx = -48
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S041
S043 · calculation
Before
left sample6 value := sum(-48, -1)
After
left sample6 value = -49
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S042
S044 · calculation
Before
left sample6 rectangle := mul(-49, 1/2)
After
left sample6 rectangle = -49/2
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S043
S045 · implies
Before
[4, -49, -49/2]
After
finite left-sum term index=6
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S044
S046 · calculation
Before
left sample7 offset := mul(7, 1/2)
After
left sample7 offset = 7/2
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S045
S047 · calculation
Before
left sample7 x := sum(1, 7/2)
After
left sample7 x = 9/2
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S046
S048 · calculation
Before
left sample7 mx := mul(-12, 9/2)
After
left sample7 mx = -54
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S047
S049 · calculation
Before
left sample7 value := sum(-54, -1)
After
left sample7 value = -55
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S048
S050 · calculation
Before
left sample7 rectangle := mul(-55, 1/2)
After
left sample7 rectangle = -55/2
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S049
S051 · implies
Before
[9/2, -55, -55/2]
After
finite left-sum term index=7
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S050
S052 · calculation
Before
left sample8 offset := mul(8, 1/2)
After
left sample8 offset = 4
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S051
S053 · calculation
Before
left sample8 x := sum(1, 4)
After
left sample8 x = 5
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S052
S054 · calculation
Before
left sample8 mx := mul(-12, 5)
After
left sample8 mx = -60
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S053
S055 · calculation
Before
left sample8 value := sum(-60, -1)
After
left sample8 value = -61
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S054
S056 · calculation
Before
left sample8 rectangle := mul(-61, 1/2)
After
left sample8 rectangle = -61/2
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S055
S057 · implies
Before
[5, -61, -61/2]
After
finite left-sum term index=8
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S056
S058 · calculation
Before
left sample9 offset := mul(9, 1/2)
After
left sample9 offset = 9/2
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S057
S059 · calculation
Before
left sample9 x := sum(1, 9/2)
After
left sample9 x = 11/2
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S058
S060 · calculation
Before
left sample9 mx := mul(-12, 11/2)
After
left sample9 mx = -66
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S059
S061 · calculation
Before
left sample9 value := sum(-66, -1)
After
left sample9 value = -67
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S060
S062 · calculation
Before
left sample9 rectangle := mul(-67, 1/2)
After
left sample9 rectangle = -67/2
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S061
S063 · implies
Before
[11/2, -67, -67/2]
After
finite left-sum term index=9
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S062
S064 · calculation
Before
left sample10 offset := mul(10, 1/2)
After
left sample10 offset = 5
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S063
S065 · calculation
Before
left sample10 x := sum(1, 5)
After
left sample10 x = 6
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S064
S066 · calculation
Before
left sample10 mx := mul(-12, 6)
After
left sample10 mx = -72
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S065
S067 · calculation
Before
left sample10 value := sum(-72, -1)
After
left sample10 value = -73
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S066
S068 · calculation
Before
left sample10 rectangle := mul(-73, 1/2)
After
left sample10 rectangle = -73/2
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S067
S069 · implies
Before
[6, -73, -73/2]
After
finite left-sum term index=10
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S068
S070 · calculation
Before
left sample11 offset := mul(11, 1/2)
After
left sample11 offset = 11/2
Conditions: none
Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S069
S071 · calculation
Before
left sample11 x := sum(1, 11/2)
After
left sample11 x = 13/2
Conditions: none
Add the indexed offset to the start.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S070
S072 · calculation
Before
left sample11 mx := mul(-12, 13/2)
After
left sample11 mx = -78
Conditions: none
Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S071
S073 · calculation
Before
left sample11 value := sum(-78, -1)
After
left sample11 value = -79
Conditions: none
Add c to obtain this sample value.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S072
S074 · calculation
Before
left sample11 rectangle := mul(-79, 1/2)
After
left sample11 rectangle = -79/2
Conditions: none
Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S073
S075 · implies
Before
[13/2, -79, -79/2]
After
finite left-sum term index=11
Conditions: none
List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S074
S076 · calculation
Before
finite left sum := sum(-13/2, -19/2, -25/2, -31/2, -37/2, -43/2, -49/2, -55/2, -61/2, -67/2, -73/2, -79/2)
After
finite left sum = -276
Conditions: none
Add all N contributions.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S075
S077 · calculation
Before
affine integral primitive coefficient1 := div(-1, 1)
After
affine integral primitive coefficient1 = -1
Conditions: none
The primitive coefficient for c·x^k is c/(k+1),with positive nonzero k+1.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S076
S078 · calculation
Before
affine integral primitive coefficient2 := div(-12, 2)
After
affine integral primitive coefficient2 = -6
Conditions: none
The primitive coefficient for c·x^k is c/(k+1),with positive nonzero k+1.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S077
S079 · implies
Before
[0, -1, -6]
After
H′=the supplied polynomial;integrate from 1 to 7
Conditions: none
Termwise differentiation recovers the original coefficients;the integration constant cancels in the endpoint difference.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: polynomial_primitive_identity · Uses: G001, S078
S080 · implies
Before
affine integral H(b) ascending coefficients=[0, -1, -6]
After
evaluate at x=7
Conditions: none
Evaluate ascending coefficients by Horner from the highest nonzero term down;ignoring redundant top zero terms changes neither the function nor the retained original list.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: polynomial_evaluation_order · Uses: G001, S079
S081 · calculation
Before
affine integral H(b) Horner multiply before degree1 := mul(-6, 7)
After
affine integral H(b) Horner multiply before degree1 = -42
Conditions: none
Multiply by the same evaluation point first.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S080
S082 · calculation
Before
affine integral H(b) Horner add degree1 := sum(-42, -1)
After
affine integral H(b) Horner add degree1 = -43
Conditions: none
Then add the full coefficient at this position.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S081
S083 · calculation
Before
affine integral H(b) Horner multiply before degree0 := mul(-43, 7)
After
affine integral H(b) Horner multiply before degree0 = -301
Conditions: none
Multiply by the same evaluation point first.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S082
S084 · calculation
Before
affine integral H(b) Horner add degree0 := sum(-301, 0)
After
affine integral H(b) Horner add degree0 = -301
Conditions: none
Then add the full coefficient at this position.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S083
S085 · implies
Before
affine integral H(a) ascending coefficients=[0, -1, -6]
After
evaluate at x=1
Conditions: none
Evaluate ascending coefficients by Horner from the highest nonzero term down;ignoring redundant top zero terms changes neither the function nor the retained original list.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: polynomial_evaluation_order · Uses: G001, S084
S086 · calculation
Before
affine integral H(a) Horner multiply before degree1 := mul(-6, 1)
After
affine integral H(a) Horner multiply before degree1 = -6
Conditions: none
Multiply by the same evaluation point first.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S085
S087 · calculation
Before
affine integral H(a) Horner add degree1 := sum(-6, -1)
After
affine integral H(a) Horner add degree1 = -7
Conditions: none
Then add the full coefficient at this position.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S086
S088 · calculation
Before
affine integral H(a) Horner multiply before degree0 := mul(-7, 1)
After
affine integral H(a) Horner multiply before degree0 = -7
Conditions: none
Multiply by the same evaluation point first.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S087
S089 · calculation
Before
affine integral H(a) Horner add degree0 := sum(-7, 0)
After
affine integral H(a) Horner add degree0 = -7
Conditions: none
Then add the full coefficient at this position.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S088
S090 · calculation
Before
affine integral oriented moment := sub(-301, -7)
After
affine integral oriented moment = -294
Conditions: none
Subtract the starting primitive value from the ending value;reversing endpoints naturally reverses the sign.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S089
S091 · calculation
Before
integral minus left sum := sub(-294, -276)
After
integral minus left sum = -18
Conditions: none
The requested direction is I−S_N;a negative slope may give a negative difference,not absolute error.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S090
S092 · implies
Before
I=-294;S_N=-276;N=12
After
signed finite-sum difference=-18
Conditions: none
This is the exact difference for finite N,not evidence of a general convergence rate or integrability of arbitrary functions.
Step identifiers and dependencies
Rule: finite_sum_vs_integral · Uses: G001, S091