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Question 3864: Exact Moment Integral Minus a Finite Left Sum

On this page
  1. Original question and givens
  2. Definition and scope
  3. Step-by-step derivation
  4. Reverse checks
  5. Result
  6. This question review and source binding

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← Question derivation index · Original question batch

R0006-03864 · q-20261007-advance-20261009-r06-definite-integral-0064

Original question and givens

On all R, f(x)=(-14)x+(1). On a=-1≤b=1, use N=14 uniform left cells. Find the signed error I−S_N, exact moment integral minus the finite left sum. Use reduced positive-denominator fractions, retaining /1 for integers.

  • G001 — On all R, f(x)=(-14)x+(1). On a=-1≤b=1, use N=14 uniform left cells. Find the signed error I−S_N, exact moment integral minus the finite left sum. Use reduced positive-denominator fractions, retaining /1 for integers.

Definition and scope

Use the original question domain, assumptions and cited MKO definitions. This item has second-context mathematical and bilingual review, with the model, answer and every arithmetic step independently recomputed from the original parameters; the source question remains a candidate.

Step-by-step derivation

S001 · implies

Before

explicit real polynomial moment or constant integrand model

After

oriented I(a,b)=H(b)−H(a);do not sort endpoints

Conditions: none

Real polynomials are continuous and integrable;use termwise primitive endpoint differences for exact oriented integrals,not absolute area or a finite sum.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: polynomial_moment_scope · Uses: G001

S002 · calculation

Before

interval width := sub(1, -1)

After

interval width = 2

Conditions: none

Compute the nonnegative interval width,allowing zero width.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S001

S003 · calculation

Before

partition step := div(2, 14)

After

partition step = 1/7

Conditions: none

Divide by positive integer N to get the exact step.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S002

S004 · calculation

Before

left sample0 offset := mul(0, 1/7)

After

left sample0 offset = 0

Conditions: none

Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S003

S005 · calculation

Before

left sample0 x := sum(-1, 0)

After

left sample0 x = -1

Conditions: none

Add the indexed offset to the start.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S004

S006 · calculation

Before

left sample0 mx := mul(-14, -1)

After

left sample0 mx = 14

Conditions: none

Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S005

S007 · calculation

Before

left sample0 value := sum(14, 1)

After

left sample0 value = 15

Conditions: none

Add c to obtain this sample value.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S006

S008 · calculation

Before

left sample0 rectangle := mul(15, 1/7)

After

left sample0 rectangle = 15/7

Conditions: none

Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S007

S009 · implies

Before

[-1, 15, 15/7]

After

finite left-sum term index=0

Conditions: none

List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S008

S010 · calculation

Before

left sample1 offset := mul(1, 1/7)

After

left sample1 offset = 1/7

Conditions: none

Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S009

S011 · calculation

Before

left sample1 x := sum(-1, 1/7)

After

left sample1 x = -6/7

Conditions: none

Add the indexed offset to the start.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S010

S012 · calculation

Before

left sample1 mx := mul(-14, -6/7)

After

left sample1 mx = 12

Conditions: none

Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S011

S013 · calculation

Before

left sample1 value := sum(12, 1)

After

left sample1 value = 13

Conditions: none

Add c to obtain this sample value.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S012

S014 · calculation

Before

left sample1 rectangle := mul(13, 1/7)

After

left sample1 rectangle = 13/7

Conditions: none

Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S013

S015 · implies

Before

[-6/7, 13, 13/7]

After

finite left-sum term index=1

Conditions: none

List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S014

S016 · calculation

Before

left sample2 offset := mul(2, 1/7)

After

left sample2 offset = 2/7

Conditions: none

Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S015

S017 · calculation

Before

left sample2 x := sum(-1, 2/7)

After

left sample2 x = -5/7

Conditions: none

Add the indexed offset to the start.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S016

S018 · calculation

Before

left sample2 mx := mul(-14, -5/7)

After

left sample2 mx = 10

Conditions: none

Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S017

S019 · calculation

Before

left sample2 value := sum(10, 1)

After

left sample2 value = 11

Conditions: none

Add c to obtain this sample value.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S018

S020 · calculation

Before

left sample2 rectangle := mul(11, 1/7)

After

left sample2 rectangle = 11/7

Conditions: none

Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S019

S021 · implies

Before

[-5/7, 11, 11/7]

After

finite left-sum term index=2

Conditions: none

List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S020

S022 · calculation

Before

left sample3 offset := mul(3, 1/7)

After

left sample3 offset = 3/7

Conditions: none

Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S021

S023 · calculation

Before

left sample3 x := sum(-1, 3/7)

After

left sample3 x = -4/7

Conditions: none

Add the indexed offset to the start.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S022

S024 · calculation

Before

left sample3 mx := mul(-14, -4/7)

After

left sample3 mx = 8

Conditions: none

Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S023

S025 · calculation

Before

left sample3 value := sum(8, 1)

After

left sample3 value = 9

Conditions: none

Add c to obtain this sample value.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S024

S026 · calculation

Before

left sample3 rectangle := mul(9, 1/7)

After

left sample3 rectangle = 9/7

Conditions: none

Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S025

S027 · implies

Before

[-4/7, 9, 9/7]

After

finite left-sum term index=3

Conditions: none

List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S026

S028 · calculation

Before

left sample4 offset := mul(4, 1/7)

After

left sample4 offset = 4/7

Conditions: none

Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S027

S029 · calculation

Before

left sample4 x := sum(-1, 4/7)

After

left sample4 x = -3/7

Conditions: none

Add the indexed offset to the start.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S028

S030 · calculation

Before

left sample4 mx := mul(-14, -3/7)

After

left sample4 mx = 6

Conditions: none

Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S029

S031 · calculation

Before

left sample4 value := sum(6, 1)

After

left sample4 value = 7

Conditions: none

Add c to obtain this sample value.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S030

S032 · calculation

Before

left sample4 rectangle := mul(7, 1/7)

After

left sample4 rectangle = 1

Conditions: none

Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S031

S033 · implies

Before

[-3/7, 7, 1]

After

finite left-sum term index=4

Conditions: none

List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S032

S034 · calculation

Before

left sample5 offset := mul(5, 1/7)

After

left sample5 offset = 5/7

Conditions: none

Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S033

S035 · calculation

Before

left sample5 x := sum(-1, 5/7)

After

left sample5 x = -2/7

Conditions: none

Add the indexed offset to the start.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S034

S036 · calculation

Before

left sample5 mx := mul(-14, -2/7)

After

left sample5 mx = 4

Conditions: none

Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S035

S037 · calculation

Before

left sample5 value := sum(4, 1)

After

left sample5 value = 5

Conditions: none

Add c to obtain this sample value.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S036

S038 · calculation

Before

left sample5 rectangle := mul(5, 1/7)

After

left sample5 rectangle = 5/7

Conditions: none

Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S037

S039 · implies

Before

[-2/7, 5, 5/7]

After

finite left-sum term index=5

Conditions: none

List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S038

S040 · calculation

Before

left sample6 offset := mul(6, 1/7)

After

left sample6 offset = 6/7

Conditions: none

Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S039

S041 · calculation

Before

left sample6 x := sum(-1, 6/7)

After

left sample6 x = -1/7

Conditions: none

Add the indexed offset to the start.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S040

S042 · calculation

Before

left sample6 mx := mul(-14, -1/7)

After

left sample6 mx = 2

Conditions: none

Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S041

S043 · calculation

Before

left sample6 value := sum(2, 1)

After

left sample6 value = 3

Conditions: none

Add c to obtain this sample value.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S042

S044 · calculation

Before

left sample6 rectangle := mul(3, 1/7)

After

left sample6 rectangle = 3/7

Conditions: none

Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S043

S045 · implies

Before

[-1/7, 3, 3/7]

After

finite left-sum term index=6

Conditions: none

List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S044

S046 · calculation

Before

left sample7 offset := mul(7, 1/7)

After

left sample7 offset = 1

Conditions: none

Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S045

S047 · calculation

Before

left sample7 x := sum(-1, 1)

After

left sample7 x = 0

Conditions: none

Add the indexed offset to the start.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S046

S048 · calculation

Before

left sample7 mx := mul(-14, 0)

After

left sample7 mx = 0

Conditions: none

Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S047

S049 · calculation

Before

left sample7 value := sum(0, 1)

After

left sample7 value = 1

Conditions: none

Add c to obtain this sample value.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S048

S050 · calculation

Before

left sample7 rectangle := mul(1, 1/7)

After

left sample7 rectangle = 1/7

Conditions: none

Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S049

S051 · implies

Before

[0, 1, 1/7]

After

finite left-sum term index=7

Conditions: none

List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S050

S052 · calculation

Before

left sample8 offset := mul(8, 1/7)

After

left sample8 offset = 8/7

Conditions: none

Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S051

S053 · calculation

Before

left sample8 x := sum(-1, 8/7)

After

left sample8 x = 1/7

Conditions: none

Add the indexed offset to the start.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S052

S054 · calculation

Before

left sample8 mx := mul(-14, 1/7)

After

left sample8 mx = -2

Conditions: none

Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S053

S055 · calculation

Before

left sample8 value := sum(-2, 1)

After

left sample8 value = -1

Conditions: none

Add c to obtain this sample value.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S054

S056 · calculation

Before

left sample8 rectangle := mul(-1, 1/7)

After

left sample8 rectangle = -1/7

Conditions: none

Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S055

S057 · implies

Before

[1/7, -1, -1/7]

After

finite left-sum term index=8

Conditions: none

List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S056

S058 · calculation

Before

left sample9 offset := mul(9, 1/7)

After

left sample9 offset = 9/7

Conditions: none

Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S057

S059 · calculation

Before

left sample9 x := sum(-1, 9/7)

After

left sample9 x = 2/7

Conditions: none

Add the indexed offset to the start.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S058

S060 · calculation

Before

left sample9 mx := mul(-14, 2/7)

After

left sample9 mx = -4

Conditions: none

Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S059

S061 · calculation

Before

left sample9 value := sum(-4, 1)

After

left sample9 value = -3

Conditions: none

Add c to obtain this sample value.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S060

S062 · calculation

Before

left sample9 rectangle := mul(-3, 1/7)

After

left sample9 rectangle = -3/7

Conditions: none

Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S061

S063 · implies

Before

[2/7, -3, -3/7]

After

finite left-sum term index=9

Conditions: none

List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S062

S064 · calculation

Before

left sample10 offset := mul(10, 1/7)

After

left sample10 offset = 10/7

Conditions: none

Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S063

S065 · calculation

Before

left sample10 x := sum(-1, 10/7)

After

left sample10 x = 3/7

Conditions: none

Add the indexed offset to the start.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S064

S066 · calculation

Before

left sample10 mx := mul(-14, 3/7)

After

left sample10 mx = -6

Conditions: none

Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S065

S067 · calculation

Before

left sample10 value := sum(-6, 1)

After

left sample10 value = -5

Conditions: none

Add c to obtain this sample value.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S066

S068 · calculation

Before

left sample10 rectangle := mul(-5, 1/7)

After

left sample10 rectangle = -5/7

Conditions: none

Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S067

S069 · implies

Before

[3/7, -5, -5/7]

After

finite left-sum term index=10

Conditions: none

List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S068

S070 · calculation

Before

left sample11 offset := mul(11, 1/7)

After

left sample11 offset = 11/7

Conditions: none

Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S069

S071 · calculation

Before

left sample11 x := sum(-1, 11/7)

After

left sample11 x = 4/7

Conditions: none

Add the indexed offset to the start.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S070

S072 · calculation

Before

left sample11 mx := mul(-14, 4/7)

After

left sample11 mx = -8

Conditions: none

Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S071

S073 · calculation

Before

left sample11 value := sum(-8, 1)

After

left sample11 value = -7

Conditions: none

Add c to obtain this sample value.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S072

S074 · calculation

Before

left sample11 rectangle := mul(-7, 1/7)

After

left sample11 rectangle = -1

Conditions: none

Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S073

S075 · implies

Before

[4/7, -7, -1]

After

finite left-sum term index=11

Conditions: none

List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S074

S076 · calculation

Before

left sample12 offset := mul(12, 1/7)

After

left sample12 offset = 12/7

Conditions: none

Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S075

S077 · calculation

Before

left sample12 x := sum(-1, 12/7)

After

left sample12 x = 5/7

Conditions: none

Add the indexed offset to the start.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S076

S078 · calculation

Before

left sample12 mx := mul(-14, 5/7)

After

left sample12 mx = -10

Conditions: none

Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S077

S079 · calculation

Before

left sample12 value := sum(-10, 1)

After

left sample12 value = -9

Conditions: none

Add c to obtain this sample value.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S078

S080 · calculation

Before

left sample12 rectangle := mul(-9, 1/7)

After

left sample12 rectangle = -9/7

Conditions: none

Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S079

S081 · implies

Before

[5/7, -9, -9/7]

After

finite left-sum term index=12

Conditions: none

List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S080

S082 · calculation

Before

left sample13 offset := mul(13, 1/7)

After

left sample13 offset = 13/7

Conditions: none

Left samples use i=0,...,N−1,not the final right endpoint.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S081

S083 · calculation

Before

left sample13 x := sum(-1, 13/7)

After

left sample13 x = 6/7

Conditions: none

Add the indexed offset to the start.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S082

S084 · calculation

Before

left sample13 mx := mul(-14, 6/7)

After

left sample13 mx = -12

Conditions: none

Evaluate the product term of the affine integrand.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S083

S085 · calculation

Before

left sample13 value := sum(-12, 1)

After

left sample13 value = -11

Conditions: none

Add c to obtain this sample value.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S084

S086 · calculation

Before

left sample13 rectangle := mul(-11, 1/7)

After

left sample13 rectangle = -11/7

Conditions: none

Multiply by the step to get the signed rectangle contribution,without absolute values.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S085

S087 · implies

Before

[6/7, -11, -11/7]

After

finite left-sum term index=13

Conditions: none

List exactly one left term per subinterval;these are finite-sum data,not a claimed limit proof.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: left_partition_term · Uses: G001, S086

S088 · calculation

Before

finite left sum := sum(15/7, 13/7, 11/7, 9/7, 1, 5/7, 3/7, 1/7, -1/7, -3/7, -5/7, -1, -9/7, -11/7)

After

finite left sum = 4

Conditions: none

Add all N contributions.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S087

S089 · calculation

Before

affine integral primitive coefficient1 := div(1, 1)

After

affine integral primitive coefficient1 = 1

Conditions: none

The primitive coefficient for c·x^k is c/(k+1),with positive nonzero k+1.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S088

S090 · calculation

Before

affine integral primitive coefficient2 := div(-14, 2)

After

affine integral primitive coefficient2 = -7

Conditions: none

The primitive coefficient for c·x^k is c/(k+1),with positive nonzero k+1.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S089

S091 · implies

Before

[0, 1, -7]

After

H′=the supplied polynomial;integrate from -1 to 1

Conditions: none

Termwise differentiation recovers the original coefficients;the integration constant cancels in the endpoint difference.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: polynomial_primitive_identity · Uses: G001, S090

S092 · implies

Before

affine integral H(b) ascending coefficients=[0, 1, -7]

After

evaluate at x=1

Conditions: none

Evaluate ascending coefficients by Horner from the highest nonzero term down;ignoring redundant top zero terms changes neither the function nor the retained original list.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: polynomial_evaluation_order · Uses: G001, S091

S093 · calculation

Before

affine integral H(b) Horner multiply before degree1 := mul(-7, 1)

After

affine integral H(b) Horner multiply before degree1 = -7

Conditions: none

Multiply by the same evaluation point first.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S092

S094 · calculation

Before

affine integral H(b) Horner add degree1 := sum(-7, 1)

After

affine integral H(b) Horner add degree1 = -6

Conditions: none

Then add the full coefficient at this position.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S093

S095 · calculation

Before

affine integral H(b) Horner multiply before degree0 := mul(-6, 1)

After

affine integral H(b) Horner multiply before degree0 = -6

Conditions: none

Multiply by the same evaluation point first.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S094

S096 · calculation

Before

affine integral H(b) Horner add degree0 := sum(-6, 0)

After

affine integral H(b) Horner add degree0 = -6

Conditions: none

Then add the full coefficient at this position.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S095

S097 · implies

Before

affine integral H(a) ascending coefficients=[0, 1, -7]

After

evaluate at x=-1

Conditions: none

Evaluate ascending coefficients by Horner from the highest nonzero term down;ignoring redundant top zero terms changes neither the function nor the retained original list.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: polynomial_evaluation_order · Uses: G001, S096

S098 · calculation

Before

affine integral H(a) Horner multiply before degree1 := mul(-7, -1)

After

affine integral H(a) Horner multiply before degree1 = 7

Conditions: none

Multiply by the same evaluation point first.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S097

S099 · calculation

Before

affine integral H(a) Horner add degree1 := sum(7, 1)

After

affine integral H(a) Horner add degree1 = 8

Conditions: none

Then add the full coefficient at this position.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S098

S100 · calculation

Before

affine integral H(a) Horner multiply before degree0 := mul(8, -1)

After

affine integral H(a) Horner multiply before degree0 = -8

Conditions: none

Multiply by the same evaluation point first.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S099

S101 · calculation

Before

affine integral H(a) Horner add degree0 := sum(-8, 0)

After

affine integral H(a) Horner add degree0 = -8

Conditions: none

Then add the full coefficient at this position.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S100

S102 · calculation

Before

affine integral oriented moment := sub(-6, -8)

After

affine integral oriented moment = 2

Conditions: none

Subtract the starting primitive value from the ending value;reversing endpoints naturally reverses the sign.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S101

S103 · calculation

Before

integral minus left sum := sub(2, 4)

After

integral minus left sum = -2

Conditions: none

The requested direction is I−S_N;a negative slope may give a negative difference,not absolute error.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S102

S104 · implies

Before

I=2;S_N=4;N=14

After

signed finite-sum difference=-2

Conditions: none

This is the exact difference for finite N,not evidence of a general convergence rate or integrability of arbitrary functions.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: finite_sum_vs_integral · Uses: G001, S103

Reverse checks

  • S104 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S103 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute integral minus left sum with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S102 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute affine integral oriented moment with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S101 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute affine integral H(a) Horner add degree0 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S100 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute affine integral H(a) Horner multiply before degree0 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S099 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute affine integral H(a) Horner add degree1 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S098 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute affine integral H(a) Horner multiply before degree1 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S097 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S096 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute affine integral H(b) Horner add degree0 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S095 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute affine integral H(b) Horner multiply before degree0 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S094 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute affine integral H(b) Horner add degree1 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S093 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute affine integral H(b) Horner multiply before degree1 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S092 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S091 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S090 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute affine integral primitive coefficient2 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S089 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute affine integral primitive coefficient1 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S088 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute finite left sum with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S087 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S086 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample13 rectangle with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S085 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample13 value with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S084 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample13 mx with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S083 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample13 x with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S082 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample13 offset with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S081 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S080 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample12 rectangle with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S079 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample12 value with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S078 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample12 mx with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S077 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample12 x with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S076 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample12 offset with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S075 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S074 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample11 rectangle with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S073 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample11 value with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S072 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample11 mx with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S071 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample11 x with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S070 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample11 offset with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S069 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S068 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample10 rectangle with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S067 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample10 value with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S066 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample10 mx with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S065 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample10 x with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S064 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample10 offset with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S063 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S062 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample9 rectangle with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S061 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample9 value with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S060 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample9 mx with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S059 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample9 x with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S058 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample9 offset with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S057 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S056 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample8 rectangle with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S055 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample8 value with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S054 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample8 mx with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S053 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample8 x with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S052 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample8 offset with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S051 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S050 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample7 rectangle with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S049 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample7 value with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S048 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample7 mx with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S047 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample7 x with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S046 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample7 offset with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S045 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S044 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample6 rectangle with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S043 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample6 value with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S042 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample6 mx with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S041 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample6 x with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S040 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample6 offset with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S039 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S038 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample5 rectangle with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S037 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample5 value with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S036 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample5 mx with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S035 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample5 x with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S034 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample5 offset with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S033 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S032 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample4 rectangle with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S031 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample4 value with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S030 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample4 mx with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S029 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample4 x with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S028 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample4 offset with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S027 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S026 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample3 rectangle with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S025 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample3 value with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S024 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample3 mx with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S023 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample3 x with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S022 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample3 offset with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S021 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S020 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample2 rectangle with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S019 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample2 value with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S018 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample2 mx with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S017 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample2 x with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S016 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample2 offset with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S015 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S014 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample1 rectangle with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S013 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample1 value with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S012 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample1 mx with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S011 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample1 x with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S010 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample1 offset with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S009 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S008 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample0 rectangle with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S007 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample0 value with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S006 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample0 mx with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S005 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample0 x with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S004 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute left sample0 offset with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S003 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute partition step with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S002 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute interval width with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S001 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.

Result

-2/1

The full substitutions and premise checks give the original answer; source identity,format and status are unchanged.

This question review and source binding

Review date: 2026-10-26

Original questions, answers, step expressions, numeric ASTs and historical records are retained. Source candidate labels remain historical and are not overwritten as formal proof.

Source hashes and review receipts
  • input commit: 0f7be61e2c22317a4075561dc822c87d881a50db
  • original question SHA-256: 9ccb0832bb03b61ab58f07b1bbff14e21d0998d72c14565ab2ce0fbcec8d9082
  • candidate record SHA-256: b8e6c21bc092e450f39436ec7d4946bd6bbfcfd58cc7375b4f9655783a216dd9
  • semantic review receipt SHA-256: 568eefd71709ac3dc16a0d5b3b4ad3e83376a8ef300c9e5493eee0721500b29d
  • question-first witness SHA-256: d964b91bedb9d4918bbc055f567762a09f5a58af6c876268e719d5100332d855
  • Lean: NOT_RUN · human review: NOT_PERFORMED
Same-source full JSON