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Question 21739: All Positive Divisors Supply the Exact Mobius Sum Identity

On this page
  1. Original question and givens
  2. Definition and scope
  3. Step-by-step derivation
  4. Reverse checks
  5. Result
  6. This question review and source binding

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R0042-21739 · q-20261014-advance-20261109-r06-mobius-function-0064

Original question and givens

Use positive integer n=14. Give (n, divisor_mu_rows, sum, target, equal).

  • G001 — Use positive integer n=14. Give (n, divisor_mu_rows, sum, target, equal).

Definition and scope

Use the original question domain, assumptions and cited MKO definitions. This item has second-context mathematical and bilingual review, with the model, answer and every arithmetic step independently recomputed from the original parameters; the source question remains a candidate.

Step-by-step derivation

S001 · implies

Before

source operation=mobius-divisor-sum;original snapshot and mathematics retained

After

explicit ordered source output fields=[n, divisor_mu_rows, sum, target, equal]

Conditions: none

Keep the original historical interface marker while listing ordered source fields without JavaScript.Tags are not additional evidence;fixed No markers retain their source claim scope.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: source_ordered_interface_explicit_without_javascript · Uses: G001

S002 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL n=14;complete positive candidate range1..n

After

ALL actual positive divisors INCREASING=[1, 2, 7, 14]

Conditions: none

Keep divisors over the complete positive range,including1 and n;every subsequent mu row needs a complete factorization.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: mobius_ALL_positive_divisors_not_sample · Uses: G001, S001

S003 · implies

Before

mobius divisor1 of original n=14:actual positive input for mu=1

After

complete prime multiplicities required for this input;mu(1) uses empty product,not a partial factor search

Conditions: none

Identify whether the input is the original n or one of its positive divisors.Every mu evaluation requires complete prime multiplicities,not a partial factor search.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: mobius_complete_UPF_input_role · Uses: G001, S002

S004 · implies

Before

mobius divisor1 of original n=14:input=1;COMPLETE prime multiset=[];distinct primes=[]

After

mu=1;empty product case=Yes;repeated prime=No

Conditions: none

The empty prime multiset for1 gives mu1=1.A repeated prime gives a square divisor and value0;otherwise distinct-prime parity determines the sign.Sorting must not discard multiplicities.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: mobius_value_one_repeated_prime_or_squarefree_parity · Uses: G001, S003

S005 · implies

Before

mobius divisor2 of original n=14:actual positive input for mu=2

After

complete prime multiplicities required for this input;mu(1) uses empty product,not a partial factor search

Conditions: none

Identify whether the input is the original n or one of its positive divisors.Every mu evaluation requires complete prime multiplicities,not a partial factor search.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: mobius_complete_UPF_input_role · Uses: G001, S004

S006 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL positive integer absolute magnitude=2>1

After

initialize remaining=n,prime multiset empty;invariant product(extracted)*remaining=n;every smaller trial divisor has been exhausted

Conditions: none

Divide only by an actual divisor and exhaust smaller candidates,which justifies primality of each extracted divisor without assuming n is prime.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: upf_factorization_remaining_product_invariant · Uses: G001, S005

S007 · calculation

Before

upf canonical complete product factor0 := mul(1, 2)

After

upf canonical complete product factor0 = 2

Conditions: none

Substitute the original roles and established intermediates exactly,retaining order,signs and quantified conditions.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S006

S008 · implies

Before

exhausted trial divisors below2;terminal remaining=2;d*d>remaining;ORIGINAL n=2

After

complete increasing prime multiset=[2];full product=2;a composite terminal remainder would have an already tested smaller divisor

Conditions: none

If a terminal remainder greater than1 were composite,its least prime factor would already have been exhausted,a contradiction.The final entry is therefore prime.This certifies this instance;general existence follows by strong induction,recursively splitting a composite into smaller positive factors.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: upf_final_prime_remainder_complete_existence_instance · Uses: G001, S007

S009 · implies

Before

mobius divisor2 of original n=14:input=2;COMPLETE prime multiset=[2];distinct primes=[2]

After

mu=-1;empty product case=No;repeated prime=No

Conditions: none

The empty prime multiset for1 gives mu1=1.A repeated prime gives a square divisor and value0;otherwise distinct-prime parity determines the sign.Sorting must not discard multiplicities.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: mobius_value_one_repeated_prime_or_squarefree_parity · Uses: G001, S008

S010 · implies

Before

mobius divisor7 of original n=14:actual positive input for mu=7

After

complete prime multiplicities required for this input;mu(1) uses empty product,not a partial factor search

Conditions: none

Identify whether the input is the original n or one of its positive divisors.Every mu evaluation requires complete prime multiplicities,not a partial factor search.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: mobius_complete_UPF_input_role · Uses: G001, S009

S011 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL positive integer absolute magnitude=7>1

After

initialize remaining=n,prime multiset empty;invariant product(extracted)*remaining=n;every smaller trial divisor has been exhausted

Conditions: none

Divide only by an actual divisor and exhaust smaller candidates,which justifies primality of each extracted divisor without assuming n is prime.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: upf_factorization_remaining_product_invariant · Uses: G001, S010

S012 · implies

Before

next divisor=2;previous remaining=7;all smaller divisors exhausted

After

extracted multiplicity=0;next remaining=7;remaining modulo2=1;extracted multiset=[]

Conditions: none

Exhaust every multiplicity before advancing.The stopping test concerns the current remainder,and the final prime remainder must not be omitted.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: upf_complete_trial_division_remaining_invariant · Uses: G001, S011

S013 · calculation

Before

upf canonical complete product factor0 := mul(1, 7)

After

upf canonical complete product factor0 = 7

Conditions: none

Substitute the original roles and established intermediates exactly,retaining order,signs and quantified conditions.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S012

S014 · implies

Before

exhausted trial divisors below3;terminal remaining=7;d*d>remaining;ORIGINAL n=7

After

complete increasing prime multiset=[7];full product=7;a composite terminal remainder would have an already tested smaller divisor

Conditions: none

If a terminal remainder greater than1 were composite,its least prime factor would already have been exhausted,a contradiction.The final entry is therefore prime.This certifies this instance;general existence follows by strong induction,recursively splitting a composite into smaller positive factors.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: upf_final_prime_remainder_complete_existence_instance · Uses: G001, S013

S015 · implies

Before

mobius divisor7 of original n=14:input=7;COMPLETE prime multiset=[7];distinct primes=[7]

After

mu=-1;empty product case=No;repeated prime=No

Conditions: none

The empty prime multiset for1 gives mu1=1.A repeated prime gives a square divisor and value0;otherwise distinct-prime parity determines the sign.Sorting must not discard multiplicities.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: mobius_value_one_repeated_prime_or_squarefree_parity · Uses: G001, S014

S016 · implies

Before

mobius divisor14 of original n=14:actual positive input for mu=14

After

complete prime multiplicities required for this input;mu(1) uses empty product,not a partial factor search

Conditions: none

Identify whether the input is the original n or one of its positive divisors.Every mu evaluation requires complete prime multiplicities,not a partial factor search.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: mobius_complete_UPF_input_role · Uses: G001, S015

S017 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL positive integer absolute magnitude=14>1

After

initialize remaining=n,prime multiset empty;invariant product(extracted)*remaining=n;every smaller trial divisor has been exhausted

Conditions: none

Divide only by an actual divisor and exhaust smaller candidates,which justifies primality of each extracted divisor without assuming n is prime.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: upf_factorization_remaining_product_invariant · Uses: G001, S016

S018 · calculation

Before

upf extract divisor2 occurrence0 := div(14, 2)

After

upf extract divisor2 occurrence0 = 7

Conditions: none

Substitute the original roles and established intermediates exactly,retaining order,signs and quantified conditions.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S017

S019 · implies

Before

next divisor=2;previous remaining=14;all smaller divisors exhausted

After

extracted multiplicity=1;next remaining=7;remaining modulo2=1;extracted multiset=[2]

Conditions: none

Exhaust every multiplicity before advancing.The stopping test concerns the current remainder,and the final prime remainder must not be omitted.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: upf_complete_trial_division_remaining_invariant · Uses: G001, S018

S020 · calculation

Before

upf canonical complete product factor0 := mul(1, 2)

After

upf canonical complete product factor0 = 2

Conditions: none

Substitute the original roles and established intermediates exactly,retaining order,signs and quantified conditions.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S019

S021 · calculation

Before

upf canonical complete product factor1 := mul(2, 7)

After

upf canonical complete product factor1 = 14

Conditions: none

Substitute the original roles and established intermediates exactly,retaining order,signs and quantified conditions.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S020

S022 · implies

Before

exhausted trial divisors below3;terminal remaining=7;d*d>remaining;ORIGINAL n=14

After

complete increasing prime multiset=[2, 7];full product=14;a composite terminal remainder would have an already tested smaller divisor

Conditions: none

If a terminal remainder greater than1 were composite,its least prime factor would already have been exhausted,a contradiction.The final entry is therefore prime.This certifies this instance;general existence follows by strong induction,recursively splitting a composite into smaller positive factors.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: upf_final_prime_remainder_complete_existence_instance · Uses: G001, S021

S023 · implies

Before

mobius divisor14 of original n=14:input=14;COMPLETE prime multiset=[2, 7];distinct primes=[2, 7]

After

mu=1;empty product case=No;repeated prime=No

Conditions: none

The empty prime multiset for1 gives mu1=1.A repeated prime gives a square divisor and value0;otherwise distinct-prime parity determines the sign.Sorting must not discard multiplicities.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: mobius_value_one_repeated_prime_or_squarefree_parity · Uses: G001, S022

S024 · calculation

Before

Mobius complete divisor mu sum := sum(1, -1, -1, 1)

After

Mobius complete divisor mu sum = 0

Conditions: none

Substitute the original roles,order and conditions term by term with exact arithmetic,not floating-point approximation.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: exact_rational_arithmetic · Uses: G001, S023

S025 · implies

Before

ORIGINAL n=14;ALL increasing [divisor,mu] rows=[[1, 1], [2, -1], [7, -1], [14, 1]]

After

exact sum=0;target=0;squarefree divisors correspond to subsets of DISTINCT primes,so sum=(-1)^subset_size summed over all subsets=(1-1)^r;for n1,r0 gives1

Conditions: none

Nonsquarefree divisors contribute0;all others correspond to subsets of distinct primes.For r>0,pair subsets by one fixed prime to cancel signs.For n1,the sole empty subset contributes1.This supplies the general argument rather than extrapolating one equality.

Step identifiers and dependencies

Rule: mobius_divisor_sum_general_subset_cancellation · Uses: G001, S024

Reverse checks

  • S025 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S024 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute Mobius complete divisor mu sum with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S023 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S022 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S021 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute upf canonical complete product factor1 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S020 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute upf canonical complete product factor0 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S019 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S018 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute upf extract divisor2 occurrence0 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S017 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S016 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S015 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S014 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S013 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute upf canonical complete product factor0 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S012 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S011 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S010 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S009 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S008 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S007 · premise_and_result_audit — Recompute upf canonical complete product factor0 with exact rational arithmetic, not rounded decimals.
  • S006 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S005 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S004 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S003 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S002 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.
  • S001 · premise_and_result_audit — Check against the original data and this step's premises; a one-way implication is not an equivalence.

Result

(14, [[1, 1], [2, -1], [7, -1], [14, 1]], 0, 0, Yes)

The full substitutions and premise checks give the original answer; source identity,format and status are unchanged.

This question review and source binding

Review date: 2026-10-26

Original questions, answers, step expressions, numeric ASTs and historical records are retained. Source candidate labels remain historical and are not overwritten as formal proof.

Source hashes and review receipts
  • input commit: 0f7be61e2c22317a4075561dc822c87d881a50db
  • original question SHA-256: b720cd5afc4c1a3a8ccb41db7e80c440ceb92b06ed4a0dc1d149fcf772c7144f
  • candidate record SHA-256: 40704d1fc3b4887c18a6e04f5b9987f28a7702d0385588472c0bc45c73ea1c1c
  • semantic review receipt SHA-256: dd44555041dfbb6fe9936aa00b9a5f8c5982c2784ef61dd0cbd5d1a303a49c1a
  • question-first witness SHA-256: 9a6011263f6ac53b9a1fd57addf2f3e2f6088b54802c539f332d689480dc2d17
  • Lean: NOT_RUN · human review: NOT_PERFORMED
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