第 28171 題：複合梯形法

原題與已知條件

嚴格遞增partition、n+1 nodes與逐subinterval寬度。操作=trap-error-boundary；明示資料={"mode":"quadratic_reference","model":{"coefficients":[21,1,1],"nodes":[0,1,23]}}；請依 exact_ordered_tuple_declared_by_interface 回答。

• G001 — 嚴格遞增partition、n+1 nodes與逐subinterval寬度。操作=trap-error-boundary；明示資料={"mode":"quadratic_reference","model":{"coefficients":[21,1,1],"nodes":[0,1,23]}}；請依 exact_ordered_tuple_declared_by_interface 回答。

定義與適用範圍

沿用原題明示的論域、假設與來源 MKO 定義。本題已完成第二對話數理與中英語義覆核，並由原始參數逐題獨立重算模型、答案與每個算術步驟；原題仍為 candidate。

• mko-trapezoidal-quadrature

逐步推導

source roles = [qf-mod50-trap-error-boundary, trap-error-boundary]

derived = [[mode, coefficients_low_to_high, nodes, trapezoid_value, exact_integral, signed_error_I_minus_T, absolute_error, general_error_bound_claim, scope]]

Trapezoid quadratic reference polynomial ORIGINAL derivative coefficient1 := mul(1, 1)

Trapezoid quadratic reference polynomial ORIGINAL derivative coefficient1 = 1

Trapezoid quadratic reference polynomial ORIGINAL derivative coefficient2 := mul(2, 1)

Trapezoid quadratic reference polynomial ORIGINAL derivative coefficient2 = 2

source roles = [Trapezoid quadratic reference polynomial, [21, 1, 1]]

derived = [[21, 1, 1], [1, 2]]

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node0 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree2 := mul(0, 0)

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node0 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree2 = 0

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node0 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient2 := sum(0, 1)

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node0 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient2 = 1

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node0 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree1 := mul(1, 0)

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node0 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree1 = 0

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node0 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient1 := sum(0, 1)

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node0 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient1 = 1

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node0 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree0 := mul(1, 0)

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node0 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree0 = 0

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node0 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient0 := sum(0, 21)

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node0 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient0 = 21

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node1 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree2 := mul(0, 1)

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node1 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree2 = 0

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node1 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient2 := sum(0, 1)

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node1 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient2 = 1

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node1 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree1 := mul(1, 1)

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node1 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree1 = 1

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node1 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient1 := sum(1, 1)

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node1 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient1 = 2

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node1 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree0 := mul(2, 1)

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node1 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree0 = 2

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node1 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient0 := sum(2, 21)

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node1 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient0 = 23

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node2 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree2 := mul(0, 23)

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node2 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree2 = 0

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node2 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient2 := sum(0, 1)

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node2 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient2 = 1

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node2 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree1 := mul(1, 23)

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node2 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree1 = 23

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node2 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient1 := sum(23, 1)

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node2 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient1 = 24

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node2 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree0 := mul(24, 23)

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node2 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree0 = 552

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node2 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient0 := sum(552, 21)

Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node2 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient0 = 573

Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL width0 := sub(1, 0)

Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL width0 = 1

Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL width1 := sub(23, 1)

Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL width1 = 22

Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL width over2 interval0 := div(1, 2)

Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL width over2 interval0 = 1/2

Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL endpoint sum interval0 := sum(21, 23)

Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL endpoint sum interval0 = 44

Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL individual trapezoid interval0 := mul(1/2, 44)

Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL individual trapezoid interval0 = 22

source roles = [Trapezoid quadratic partition, 0, 0, 1, 21, 23]

derived = [1, 1/2, 44, 22]

Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL width over2 interval1 := div(22, 2)

Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL width over2 interval1 = 11

Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL endpoint sum interval1 := sum(23, 573)

Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL endpoint sum interval1 = 596

Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL individual trapezoid interval1 := mul(11, 596)

Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL individual trapezoid interval1 = 6556

source roles = [Trapezoid quadratic partition, 1, 1, 23, 23, 573]

derived = [22, 11, 596, 6556]

Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL trapezoid running total0 := sum(0, 22)

Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL trapezoid running total0 = 22

Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL trapezoid running total1 := sum(22, 6556)

Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL trapezoid running total1 = 6578

source roles = [Trapezoid quadratic partition, [[0, 1], [1, 1], [23, 1]], [[21, 1], [23, 1], [573, 1]]]

derived = [[0, 1, 23], [21, 23, 573], [1, 22], [22, 6556], 6578]

Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL coefficient over1 := div(21, 1)

Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL coefficient over1 = 21

Trapezoid quadratic reference right term0 ORIGINAL power multiply1 := mul(1, 23)

Trapezoid quadratic reference right term0 ORIGINAL power multiply1 = 23

Trapezoid quadratic reference left term0 ORIGINAL power multiply1 := mul(1, 0)

Trapezoid quadratic reference left term0 ORIGINAL power multiply1 = 0

Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL power difference0 := sub(23, 0)

Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL power difference0 = 23

Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL integrated term0 := mul(21, 23)

Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL integrated term0 = 483

Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL integral running sum0 := sum(0, 483)

Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL integral running sum0 = 483

Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL coefficient over2 := div(1, 2)

Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL coefficient over2 = 1/2

Trapezoid quadratic reference right term1 ORIGINAL power multiply1 := mul(1, 23)

Trapezoid quadratic reference right term1 ORIGINAL power multiply1 = 23

Trapezoid quadratic reference right term1 ORIGINAL power multiply2 := mul(23, 23)

Trapezoid quadratic reference right term1 ORIGINAL power multiply2 = 529

Trapezoid quadratic reference left term1 ORIGINAL power multiply1 := mul(1, 0)

Trapezoid quadratic reference left term1 ORIGINAL power multiply1 = 0

Trapezoid quadratic reference left term1 ORIGINAL power multiply2 := mul(0, 0)

Trapezoid quadratic reference left term1 ORIGINAL power multiply2 = 0

Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL power difference1 := sub(529, 0)

Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL power difference1 = 529

Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL integrated term1 := mul(1/2, 529)

Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL integrated term1 = 529/2

Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL integral running sum1 := sum(483, 529/2)

Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL integral running sum1 = 1495/2

Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL coefficient over3 := div(1, 3)

Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL coefficient over3 = 1/3

Trapezoid quadratic reference right term2 ORIGINAL power multiply1 := mul(1, 23)

Trapezoid quadratic reference right term2 ORIGINAL power multiply1 = 23

Trapezoid quadratic reference right term2 ORIGINAL power multiply2 := mul(23, 23)

Trapezoid quadratic reference right term2 ORIGINAL power multiply2 = 529

Trapezoid quadratic reference right term2 ORIGINAL power multiply3 := mul(529, 23)

Trapezoid quadratic reference right term2 ORIGINAL power multiply3 = 12167

Trapezoid quadratic reference left term2 ORIGINAL power multiply1 := mul(1, 0)

Trapezoid quadratic reference left term2 ORIGINAL power multiply1 = 0

Trapezoid quadratic reference left term2 ORIGINAL power multiply2 := mul(0, 0)

Trapezoid quadratic reference left term2 ORIGINAL power multiply2 = 0

Trapezoid quadratic reference left term2 ORIGINAL power multiply3 := mul(0, 0)

Trapezoid quadratic reference left term2 ORIGINAL power multiply3 = 0

Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL power difference2 := sub(12167, 0)

Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL power difference2 = 12167

Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL integrated term2 := mul(1/3, 12167)

Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL integrated term2 = 12167/3

Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL integral running sum2 := sum(1495/2, 12167/3)

Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL integral running sum2 = 28819/6

Trapezoid ORIGINAL signed error I minus T := sub(28819/6, 6578)

Trapezoid ORIGINAL signed error I minus T = -10649/6

source roles = [[21, 1, 1], [0, 1, 23]]

derived = [6578, 28819/6, -10649/6, 10649/6, 否]

逐步反向核對

• S061 · premise_and_result_audit — 回查完整來源資料、原操作數及本步條件；有限核對、條件式理由、形式證明與發布資格分開。
• S060 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid ORIGINAL signed error I minus T，不以小數近似替代。
• S059 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL integral running sum2，不以小數近似替代。
• S058 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL integrated term2，不以小數近似替代。
• S057 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL power difference2，不以小數近似替代。
• S056 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference left term2 ORIGINAL power multiply3，不以小數近似替代。
• S055 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference left term2 ORIGINAL power multiply2，不以小數近似替代。
• S054 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference left term2 ORIGINAL power multiply1，不以小數近似替代。
• S053 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference right term2 ORIGINAL power multiply3，不以小數近似替代。
• S052 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference right term2 ORIGINAL power multiply2，不以小數近似替代。
• S051 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference right term2 ORIGINAL power multiply1，不以小數近似替代。
• S050 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL coefficient over3，不以小數近似替代。
• S049 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL integral running sum1，不以小數近似替代。
• S048 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL integrated term1，不以小數近似替代。
• S047 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL power difference1，不以小數近似替代。
• S046 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference left term1 ORIGINAL power multiply2，不以小數近似替代。
• S045 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference left term1 ORIGINAL power multiply1，不以小數近似替代。
• S044 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference right term1 ORIGINAL power multiply2，不以小數近似替代。
• S043 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference right term1 ORIGINAL power multiply1，不以小數近似替代。
• S042 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL coefficient over2，不以小數近似替代。
• S041 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL integral running sum0，不以小數近似替代。
• S040 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL integrated term0，不以小數近似替代。
• S039 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL power difference0，不以小數近似替代。
• S038 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference left term0 ORIGINAL power multiply1，不以小數近似替代。
• S037 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference right term0 ORIGINAL power multiply1，不以小數近似替代。
• S036 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference ORIGINAL coefficient over1，不以小數近似替代。
• S035 · premise_and_result_audit — 回查完整來源資料、原操作數及本步條件；有限核對、條件式理由、形式證明與發布資格分開。
• S034 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL trapezoid running total1，不以小數近似替代。
• S033 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL trapezoid running total0，不以小數近似替代。
• S032 · premise_and_result_audit — 回查完整來源資料、原操作數及本步條件；有限核對、條件式理由、形式證明與發布資格分開。
• S031 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL individual trapezoid interval1，不以小數近似替代。
• S030 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL endpoint sum interval1，不以小數近似替代。
• S029 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL width over2 interval1，不以小數近似替代。
• S028 · premise_and_result_audit — 回查完整來源資料、原操作數及本步條件；有限核對、條件式理由、形式證明與發布資格分開。
• S027 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL individual trapezoid interval0，不以小數近似替代。
• S026 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL endpoint sum interval0，不以小數近似替代。
• S025 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL width over2 interval0，不以小數近似替代。
• S024 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL width1，不以小數近似替代。
• S023 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic partition ORIGINAL width0，不以小數近似替代。
• S022 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node2 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient0，不以小數近似替代。
• S021 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node2 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree0，不以小數近似替代。
• S020 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node2 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient1，不以小數近似替代。
• S019 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node2 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree1，不以小數近似替代。
• S018 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node2 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient2，不以小數近似替代。
• S017 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node2 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree2，不以小數近似替代。
• S016 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node1 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient0，不以小數近似替代。
• S015 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node1 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree0，不以小數近似替代。
• S014 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node1 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient1，不以小數近似替代。
• S013 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node1 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree1，不以小數近似替代。
• S012 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node1 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient2，不以小數近似替代。
• S011 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node1 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree2，不以小數近似替代。
• S010 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node0 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient0，不以小數近似替代。
• S009 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node0 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree0，不以小數近似替代。
• S008 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node0 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient1，不以小數近似替代。
• S007 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node0 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree1，不以小數近似替代。
• S006 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node0 ORIGINAL Horner add coefficient2，不以小數近似替代。
• S005 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic ORIGINAL node0 ORIGINAL Horner multiply degree2，不以小數近似替代。
• S004 · premise_and_result_audit — 回查完整來源資料、原操作數及本步條件；有限核對、條件式理由、形式證明與發布資格分開。
• S003 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference polynomial ORIGINAL derivative coefficient2，不以小數近似替代。
• S002 · premise_and_result_audit — 以精確有理數重算 Trapezoid quadratic reference polynomial ORIGINAL derivative coefficient1，不以小數近似替代。
• S001 · premise_and_result_audit — 回查完整來源資料、原操作數及本步條件；有限核對、條件式理由、形式證明與發布資格分開。

結論

(quadratic_reference, [21, 1, 1], [0, 1, 23], 6578, 28819/6, -10649/6, 10649/6, 否, exact_polynomial_reference_error_is_not_a_general_second_derivative_error_bound)

依上列完整代值及條件核對得到原題答案；原題編號、格式與狀態保持不變。

本題覆核與來源綁定

覆核日期：2026-10-26

原題、答案、步驟表達式、數值 AST 與既有歷史保持原樣；原來的候選狀態屬於來源歷史，不覆寫為形式化證明。